The Republican Socialist Coalition Plan

Transated by David A. Auerbach, Ph. D.

Digitalization, edition, and additional translations by Luis A. García Nevares, Ph. D.

Plan for the Socio-Economic Rehabilitation of Puerto Rico

Introduction

The plan that is set forth hereinafter, which is aimed at remedying the situations outlined herein, seeks to achieve the following fundamental objectives:

1. Lift the onerous dead weight represented by public and private debts that are presently suffocating the populace, and which have hobbled the government, preventing both the former and latter from developing initiatives aimed at remedying our situation.
2. Facilitate the securing of fixed-term loans among farmers that will enable them to properly develop their farms, once they have established title to said properties.
3. Create a system for restoring and redistributing land, which will provide opportunities for development to all social classes in the Country, with production based on individual means and capabilities. To this end, subsistence farm plots shall be provided for workers who are unable to withstand the burdens of capitalization, which would condemn them to foreclosure. Thus, small rural plots would be established, worked as actual farms, and said subsistence farmers would be capable of providing all the basic necessities for their families with the produce yielded from said farms, without the need to compete with urban dwellers in the field of salaried employment. Finally, opportunities would be provided for those who devote themselves to the cultivation of specialized crops, such as sugarcane, tobacco, coffee, fruit, etc., to acquire plantations of this nature, thus creating many landowners instead of the very few who today dominate everything.
4. Promote the intensification of agricultural production by adopting measures that are favorable to the development of major crops by means of direct aid to small farmers and agricultural workers, and by disseminating modern agricultural practices.
5. Provide optimized access to the use and sale of the crops yielded from intensive agriculture that we aim to promote so that the efforts of the producer are not hindered by the lack of successful sales. To this end, we shall provide, among other measures, the means to facilitate the transformation of raw materials into consumer items, which can thus be stored for future use.
6. Promote the industrialization of the Country, in accordance with its own natural resources and particular conditions, in such a way that all social classes will have the opportunity to participate in the benefits of said industry, each according to his own means and capabilities, as will have been achieved with agriculture. On the level of the subsistence farm plots, we will have household industries, so that the entire family can make items that are useful in the home, with any excess being destined for sale. On the level of small rural properties, we will have small industrial production, with enterprises that require little in the way of capital and that mainly depend on human effort and can thus provide for household maintenance. Finally, in order to offer an opportunity for the middle class to capitalize under an easily accessible mortgage plan by participating in cooperative production concerns, we are providing a large-scale industrial development plan. It should be noted that with this plan, we are proposing the same thing within the field of industry that we have already proposed in agriculture: distributing the benefits among a much larger number of individuals. If in agriculture the idea was to restore the land, in industry we would be restoring the capital invested in large industries and redistributing it. From an industry that only benefited a single family or a group of absent shareholders, a much larger number of families residing in the Country would thus benefit.
7. Promote the trading of products abroad, as a corollary of intensive production. To this end, we recommend establishment of duty-free zones.
8. Maintain the health of the people, as a main factor in any personal or collective effort, through the optimized reorganization of health services.
9. Propose a plan for the construction of public works that would be indispensable for the carrying out of the activities contemplated in this plan, and which would also employ a large number of people.
10. Provide lucrative jobs for thousands of workers, while also improving salaries and living conditions and reducing, to the degree possible, the current levels of unemployment.
11. Foster the influx of large numbers of people to the Island by means of tourism, to which end we also propose the construction of hotels, the reduction in airfares and a properly targeted promotional campaign.

Various Details

After duly studying the various details relating to the Country’s current economic situation, and in light of the information presented before this Commission, we wish to submit the following analysis to this Honorable Legislative Assembly in which we provide the corresponding remedies as set forth herein:

For more than five years, we have been feeling the effects of the current Great Depression, which in the long run has made our situation even more desperate than it has ever been. The measures taken by the Federal Government to redress this situation, which, according to the annual report of 1934 presented by Mr. Wallace, the Secretary of Agriculture, have been successful on the Mainland, have not succeeded in improving our situation in part due to the fact that some of these measures have not been applied here, or have only been applied halfheartedly, while others have proven counterproductive for our economy.

In the continental United States, the measures of the Federal Administration to which we are referring had already managed, as of March 1, 1934, to raise the value of real property from the minimum level of 73 to which it reached in 1933, to one of 76 in 1934, relative to prewar prices. This result was obtained due to the monetary policy of which the devaluation of the dollar is an example and by virtue of which farmers increased their capacity to acquire what their farms did not produce, to pay their debts, and to pay taxes.

What has also contributed to this improvement was the decision to raise wages for those groups of U.S. farmers whose crops fell under the protections deriving from their inclusion in the basic products under the Agricultural Adjustment Act. The wages, for example, for cotton farmers increased 88 percent in 1933 in relation to 1932; for wheat, the increase totaled $171 million; for tobacco, wages doubled in 1933 - 34 when compared to 1932 - 33. A simultaneous effect occurred with the refinancing of farm mortgages through the Farm Credit Administration, which was greeted with such conviction and diligence that within fifteen months, 90 percent of the program’s mortgage credit, amounting to 450,000 individual loans, had been converted into far more manageable liabilities totaling $1,150,000,000 (one billion one hundred fifty million dollars). By the summer of 1934, that amount had increased to $2,100,000,000 (two billion one hundred million dollars). From June 1933 to August 22, 1934, these borrowers had obtained reductions in their loan principal amounting to $56,000,000 (fifty-six million dollars) representing $16,500,000 (sixteen million dollars) in annual interest. In terms of fixed-asset or investment loans, the system was reorganized in such a way that within one year of its inception, farmers could take out loans using their crops and chattels as collateral at an interest rate of only 5 percent. The agencies covering subsistence farmers and working-class neighborhoods have now relocated thousands of families in homes built with the funds that have been made available to them in various States of the Union. The Home Owners Loan Corporation has extended loans to homeowners to refinance their mortgages to such a degree that it is now being considered necessary to increase the initial capital investment earmarked for this purpose for $3,000,000,000 (three billion dollars) to $4,500,000,000 (four billion five hundred million dollars). The R.F.C. (Reconstruction Finance Corporation) has been granted similar loans to industrial and business concerns. Finally, the application of the of N.I.R.A (National Industrial Recovery Act) has succeeded in getting three million unemployed workers some form of temporary paid work.

As for the application of these measures in Puerto Rico, we find the following situation:

1. With respect to homeowners’ loans, we have received nothing except an invitation to submit applications.
2. In terms of subsistence farms and working-class neighborhoods, no housing developments or constructions have been initiated.
3. As far as we know, no industrial or business loans have been granted.
4. The credit agencies established on the Island, despite the efforts made by their representatives in Puerto Rico to facilitate their operation, have not been able to freely develop their services due to the restrictions and impediments created by the uncertainties surrounding the application of current laws and regulations, or those relating to the Agricultural Adjustment on the Island.
5. The Agricultural Adjustment Act, aside from the impact it has had on the functioning of credit agencies, has, as we have already indicated, only succeeded in reducing our main crop yields, without providing any form of compensation to those farmers involved in cultivation.
6. As of this date, the net effect of the implementation of the N.I.R.A[1]. has been to paralyze the textile industry and increase the price of bread and other industrial products without having, in any way, contributed to diminishing unemployment. Consequently, it has furthermore led to the reduction of wages in those industries where it has been put into effect.
7. The result of the two aforementioned laws has led to increases in other consumer items that are imported from the mainland.
8. The official announcement by the Federal Government to commit itself to a broad economic reconstruction plan in the country, despite the hopes that might be extracted therefrom, has exacerbated the previously referenced situation of uncertainty, thus only adding another factor of resignation to the desperate situation that we have been facing.

In view of the above, and with regard to the federal aid that we are seeking in relation to the plans outlined for each case, we come before you not as beggars, but rather in the sense of equal treatment.

To this very day, in Puerto Rico there subsists—without any perceptible improvement—an onerous public and private debt that must be alleviated, a policy of restrictions against production and exportation that must be amended or offset, an incapacity in the investment loan sector that must be transformed into capacity, utter want that must be transformed into abundance, and a paralysis in initiative and resolve that must be quashed with the adoption of defined and practical attitudes and remedies. To these ends we have directed our own exposition of problems and solutions that we seek to detail within the limited scope of this project.

In order to best present the measures that we are recommending, we have provided the following thematic categories[2]:

1. A. Insular and Municipal Public Debt
2. B. Mortgages
3. C. Investment Loans
4. E. Revenues Exacted under Public Law
5. F. Intensification of Food Production
6. G. Creation of Small Rural Properties
7. H. Subsistence Farms
8. (Letter I is skippedI)
9. J. Soil Conservation and Improvement
10. K. Industrial Development
11. L. Public Works
12. M. Public Welfare
13. N. Duty-Free Zones or Free Ports
14. O. Our Population Density
15. P. Tourism

It should be understood from the outset that any consideration given to the proposals made hereinafter, and any response that may derive from their acceptance, would suppose a required assignation of funds in part from Insular sources however which would by and large be supported by federal funding, which would be indispensable to any successful outcome. Thus, the matter that is submitted before this Commission is circumscribed within the requirement to provide indications for the availability of said resources in such a way that they achieve the optimal benefits for the Country.

A. Insular and Municipal Public Debt

As of July 1, 1935, the public debt of Puerto Rico will be as follows:

Insular Government Debt	$27,466,000.00
Municipal Government Debt	16,782,228.13
Total	$44,248,228.13

The interest expenses for the life of this debt are as follows:

Insular Debt	$19,205,928.75
Municipal Debt	9,069,275.37
Total	$28,275,204.12

And the total amount of principal and interest up through the final maturity date is $72,523,432.25.

In Exhibits 1 and 2 attached hereto, details are provided for the above-referenced debt.

These obligations cover investments made by our government agencies in the construction of roads, school buildings, hospitals, sanatoriums, prisons, irrigation systems, power plants and electricity transmission and distribution systems, aqueducts, sewage systems, parks, worker housing, acquisition of lands for poor farmers, port improvements, acquisition of lands to provide suitable grounds for the national army for shooting ranges, and, in general, in permanent public works that respond to the needs of the community. Not a single dollar was misspent in these outlays.

The value that was given to the fruits of the land, the principal source of life for Puerto Rico, the prosperity that prevailed during the decade extending from 1919 to 1929, and the aspiration to improve conditions for the people, led our government agencies to incur public debt that, while possible to bear given the economic conditions under which they were acquired, have now become onerous due to the Great Depression which we endure, particularly in our agricultural sector.

The obligations represented by our public debt were issued under relatively short payment terms, accruing interest rates that fluctuate between four and five percent for the Insular Government and four and seven percent for the Municipal Governments, with the most common rates for this latter group ranging between five, six or seven percent. The life of the insular debt extends to the fiscal year 1973 – 74, while the municipal debt extends to 1974 – 75, as is set forth in Exhibits 3, 4 and 5.

It is obvious, as we provide in our arguments, that Puerto Rico, like the rest of the Nation, is overwhelmed by the current depression. All of us are aware of this situation, and the Federal Government is equally aware, given the abundant information provided by public and private entities and what has been obtained on the matter by the President, his Cabinet members, and countless federal officials who have been in contact with the situation in Puerto Rico.

Puerto Rico enjoys an excellent credit standing given the utter trustworthiness with which it has complied with its public debt obligations. In order to respond to these principal and interest obligations, which have reached nearly four million dollars in annual payments, in recent years many pressing public needs have been postponed, a situation which no other community in similar circumstances would have tolerated.

The main source that we have to attend to our public debt repayments derives from special property taxes. Puerto Rico’s wealth is essentially agricultural in nature, and in order to avoid sacrificing this sector it has become imperative to consider consolidating our public debt, so that we can ensure the continued existence of our agricultural sector by reducing tariffs and enabling our government agencies to function without the difficulties that now impede it from duly meeting its commitments.

Exhibit 3 to this report details the payments that must be made over the next eight years:

1935-36	$3,905,165.03
1936-37	$3,903,448.01
1937-38	$3,781,295.13
1938-39	$4,597,385.78
1939-40	$3,449,539.97
1940-41	$3,240,703.83
1941-42	$3,096,034.18
1942-43	$3,869,139.60

It is urgent to adopt the appropriate measures that will be aimed at alleviating such a financial burden.

In order for the New Deal to achieve its goals of improving the livelihoods of the 1.6 million U.S. citizens of Puerto Rico, it is necessary to provide the Island with the means to consolidate its public debt, by allowing it to extend its maturity dates and offering interest rates that would alleviate the burden entailed with attending to this debt, which has fallen on the shoulders of this Country’s taxpayers.

The United States, which spent billions of dollars to rescue European countries from the chaos that threatened them in 1917 and 1918, should certainly understand the desirability of rescuing 1.6 million of its own citizens from the difficult economic situation that now threatens them, by providing an investment of a few million dollars, which will inevitably be returned to the national treasury with a profit.

It is thus proposed that the entire public debt, both Insular and municipal, be consolidated into a single debt, by granting a capital loan in the sum of $50,000,000 at an interest rate of 1% annually, which would be directed at immediately covering all the bonds and other debt instruments, both Insular and municipal, which have a right to redemption with priority upon maturation, and to acquire the bonds or other debt instruments that are pending maturity.

Exhibits 6, 8 and 9, attached hereto, include three plans, which are marked A, B, and C respectively, for the amortization of the proposed loan.

The first plan (plan A) would begin redemption on July 1, 1937, and for the required amortization fund for payment of principal and interest a special property tax of .60 percent would be imposed for the years 1936 through 1976, and .40 percent for the years 1976 through 2016. The principal and interest up to the final payment date would thus amount to $70,750,000. As a result, the immediate benefit would be a reduction in the tax rate among the various municipalities of between .05 and .40 percent, as is demonstrated in Exhibit 7.

The second plan (Plan B) would begin redemption on July 1, 1946, i.e., ten years after issuance, and would offer a better opportunity to ease the burden on taxpayers. The special property tax needed for the amortization fund would be .30 percent for the years 1936 through 1945; .60 percent for the years 1946 through 1970; .50 percent for 1971 through 2000, and .40 percent from 2001 through 2005. The total in principal and interest would thus be $73,050,000. The immediate benefit for taxpayers would be a reduction in the tax rate, which for municipalities would be .90 percent, for some .84 percent, and in numerous cases .35 percent, with a reduction that would commonly be greater than .60 percent, as appears in Exhibit 10.

The third plan (Plan C) offers the greatest relief to the taxpayers and the Government for its economic development. As with the previously described plans, it has a life of 80 years, however its redemption begins 20 years after issuance, i.e., once our agricultural reconstruction has been concluded and its effects are more beneficial. To create the amortization fund, a special property tax would be imposed at the rate of .30 percent for the years 1936 through 1955; .60 percent for 1956 through 2000, and .50 percent for 2011 through 2015. The principal and interests through the final maturity date would reach $75,650,000. As an immediate benefit to the taxpayer, the tax rate would be reduced by .90 percent for one municipality, .84 percent in another, and in numerous cases the reduction would be to .35 percent, while in many others it would above .65 percent, as also detailed in Exhibit 10. The advantages offered by the plan respond far more greatly to the needs of the Island. It is because of this that we feel it is especially recommended.

The interest expenses for each of the proposed consolidation plans would be as follows:

Interest expenses, Plan A	$20,750,000
Interest expenses, Plan B	$23,050,000
Interest expenses, Plan C	$25,650,000

(See Exhibits 1 to 10 attached at the end of this Report.)

B. Mortgages

No other area has presented a greater sense of urgency in terms of dissemination and uncontestable merit regardless of what rehabilitation plan is adopted than the issue of mortgages. We will provide a full consideration of this topic outlined in the following sections:

1. Acquisition of Farms Risking Foreclosure

The concern about losing a farm due to unpaid encumbrances resulting from a lack of resources has paralyzed the productive practices and overwhelmed the good faith of a large percentage of our landholders. This circumstance has tended, on the contrary, to move these people into destructive practices that inevitably lead to liquidation. If any good can be done it would be to bring to a standstill this tendency toward excessive obligations, assumed under prior more auspicious economic circumstances and now dominating the current value of properties. If this could be done, we would achieve, among other outcomes, a stabilization among landholdings and support for the labors of farmworkers. By bolstering the efforts of experienced farmworkers, which would be essential for recovery, instead of adopting a less logical more costly system we would avoid having to consider the exodus of these farmers. This would only be followed by an attempt to correct the situation, when it is already too late, by creating new landholding farmers. Therefore, we propose that, as a reinforcement of the refinancing steps currently being implemented by the Federal Land Bank, the agreement authorized by House Bill No. 322, approved on April 15, 1932 (and that could not be signed by the Governor at that time due to lack of available funds) be revived as far as said institution is concerned, while also extending it to any other individual or legal entity that accepts the same conditions.

According to this agreement, these lands would enter under the domain of the Protected Homestead Division, as deemed appropriate by this entity; the final payment for these lands would be made gradually by the Government; the Federal Bank upon selling these lands would first have to eliminate any pending tax liabilities, and the money recovered by the Federal Bank could be used for new rural property loans with the consequent improvement of the mortgage market.

The farms acquired through these means would be used as small rural properties, as set forth hereinafter.

This should not be understood as hindering the purchase of other suitable properties for the creation of such farms, as described further on, even if said properties were not under mortgage, however a preference would always be made for those properties at risk of foreclosure.

2. Rehabilitation Commission Debt (Puerto Rico Hurricane Relief Commission)

It is our recommendation that the competent federal authorities who are convened during this session of Congress provide for the cancellation of accrued agricultural debts with the Rehabilitation Commission. This would be one of the most effective steps within their power and would serve as a preliminary measure that would clear the way in the short term for the Federal and Insular Governments in their plans for the general rehabilitation of the Island.

3. Mortgage Debt among Urban Plots

Many farmers and other individuals invest their assets in urban plots during times of prosperity. These investments are now almost entirely frozen, and therefore of no use to serve as a basis for agricultural or commercial operations. The Home Owners’ Loan Corporation, which was recently established in the Country, has still not gone beyond the initial stage of accepting applications. Vast sums have been used in the United States for the refinancing of household debt to the point that the funding available through said corporation has been nearly exhausted. Considerations are currently being made to increase the initial capital of said entity from three billion dollars ($3,000,000,000) to four point five billion dollars ($4,500,000,000). It is our recommendation that the competent authorities assign a specific sum of no less than ten million dollars ($10,000,000) for this service in Puerto Rico.

C. Investment Loans

Once property ownership has been secured again among rural and urban plot-owners, and peace of mind has been restored to workers and heads of family, a corollary obligation would be to consolidate our position and make advancements toward real economic progress, by facilitating the granting of operating capital under suitable terms and at moderate interest rates, without the inordinate and unnecessary collateral that is customarily required for securing such loans in the banking sector.

To this end, we provide the following recommendations:

1. Capitalization of Sales Cooperatives

Due to the need outlined in official government reports, bolster the Insular fund created by Joint Resolution No. 4, approved on April 9, 1934, and titled “To assign the sum of one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000) for the creation of a fund to be called ‘Fund for the Development of Agricultural Cooperative Associations, and for other uses.’” To this end, a request has been made for four hundred thousand dollars ($400,000) from the funds earmarked by the President of the United States for the economic recovery of the Island.

2. Time Limit for Registrars to Accept Agricultural Investment Contracts

Reduce the legally established time limit for Property Registrars to accept agricultural investment contracts submitted for registration, with the aim of accelerating the flow of capital to rural areas at the beginning of the harvest season and avoiding delays among lenders and borrowers resulting from late rejection notices or remediable errors or omissions that may occur in said contracts.

3. Registration Fees for Agricultural Investment Contracts

Amend Article 11 of the Agricultural Investment Act so as to create uniformity in the practices of Property Registrars and establish a registration fee not based on the location of the property, as currently occurs, but on the size of the loans of the contracts in question.

4. Storm Insurance for Plantations

Request from the President of the United States that from the monies assigned for the Island’s economic rehabilitation the sum of two million dollars ($2,000,000) be earmarked for bolstering the existing agricultural insurance fund against cyclone risk at coffee plantations, and extend this service to citrus fruit, coconut, and cotton plantations during the summer months; transform individual storm insurance, which now functions exclusively to guarantee bank loans, to mutual insurance to cover loans and provide indemnification for plantations; set the source and amount of premiums that are payable by the insured, determine their income in the referenced fund and the type and contingency for indemnification by adjusting current losses in the event of damages.

D. Farm Loan Institutions

The mortgage and improvement loans that are dealt with under chapters B and C[3] hereinabove would be adjusted if the following proposal were accepted: Recommend that the United States Congress amend Article 4 of the Federal Farm Loan Act so that a thirteenth banking district is created for the Island of Puerto Rico. This district would operate within the jurisdictional limits set forth for the loan institutions referred to as the Federal Land Bank, Federal Intermediate Credit Bank, Production Credit Corporation and Bank for Cooperatives, as well as any like institutions that may be created in the future, having thus certain autonomous prerogatives in the exercise of its functions as established under law for each of said banking districts, so that the current administration for each of said institutions on the Island might act with a degree of independence that would enable it to opportunely consider and resolve, in agreement with other current or future local institutions, those matters that are brought for its consideration. A further recommendation is made in the event that the Island of Puerto Rico is designated as the thirteenth federal banking district so that the currently operating system for virtually all direct farm loans remains intact.

E. Revenues Exacted under Public Law

Since the agricultural economy and the fiscal economy are inseparable, and since we have considered the urgent matters relating to the former, we now wish to take into consideration the various aspects pertaining to the latter. To this end, we propose the following:

1. Income Tax

Recommend that the United States Congress enact the necessary legislation to require that in income tax filings for those individuals residing in other parts of the United States who obtain part of their income in Puerto Rico they accompany their revenue statements as required under federal law with those statements submitted to the Insular authorities for local tax purposes and that the United States Treasury return in its entirety that portion that is duly owed to Puerto Rico, after first discounting the amount that was paid directly in Puerto Rico.

2. Protective Forests for Coffee Cultivation

Amend Act No. 19, passed on May 28, 1925, in keeping with the amendments made on April 14, 1931, titled “Act to promote reforestation in Puerto Rico by planting woodland trees, and to foster and encourage the extension of the current forest areas where coffee cultivation is taking place, through the granting of reduced tax rates for certain types of terrain, and for other purposes,” so that said act extends to all operating coffee plantations. Our recommendation is based on the absolute necessity for maintaining a protective forest cover in our highlands with the indisputable advantage that this would provide for coffee plantations—thus serving as forest and an area of annual crop productivity—and on the interest demonstrated by our lawmakers who approved the granting of loans for the purchase of lands at a price not to exceed $15 per cuerda,[4] and to maintain reforestation funds and services for establishing nurseries and planting forests on the plots thus acquired, and thereby maintaining our Island’s reserves. Such forestry creation expenses, taken together, would exceed the current average taxable appraisal amount for lands currently held by coffee growers.

3. Equal Tax Treatment

The recommendation is made to include in the budget for fiscal years 1935 – 36, hereinbelow, the sums needed to permanently maintain and staff the agency tasked with implementing property classification and the reappraisal of rural and urban plots.

The classification of rural property based on a scientific classification of soil, pursuant to an edaphological study currently under way, supplemented by the establishment of a cadaster, as provided for in the chapter on public works, would serve as the indispensable base for the suitable organization of our agricultural sector, not only for tax purposes, but also in terms of best use and exploitation of our land, since this would be the preliminary requirement toward the adoption of what is known in the United States as a Land Utilization Policy. An assignment of $21,880 should be made for payment of personnel and operating expenses of this agency, which would fall under the auspices of the Department of the Treasury.

F. Intensification of Food Production

After considering the conditions that would be needed so that it would be financially feasible for farmers to devote themselves to farm improvements, we are now in a position to promote and provide technical guidance to this sector so that optimal production and quality can be achieved. To this end, we recommend the creation of an agency within the Department of Agriculture and Commerce that would be tasked with stimulating, facilitating the appropriate means, and assisting in all ways with the intensification of food production, using analogous methods to those employed by the Food Commission, which was created by Joint Resolution of the Legislative Assembly, as approved on April 12, 1917.

The activities of this agency should include:

1. The operation of agricultural farms that would incorporate warehouses and nurseries with a select range of food crop varieties so that farmers could be provided with top-quality seeds and seedlings. These farms would also serve as livestock breeding centers, using the best selection of studs for cattle, goats and pigs, and the best selection of breeds of poultry, so that the public could be provided with eggs for incubation, as well as roosters and hens.
2. The acquisition and access for smallholder farmers to agricultural equipment and machinery, such as maize shelling machines, rice winnowers, mills for preparing cattle feed, fruit and vegetable canning equipment, tilling equipment, especially those needed for the construction of terracing, etc.
3. The employment of trained technical personnel for the operation of these farms, who would also be tasked with gathering and compiling agricultural production statistics, as well as consumption and sales data. Scientific and practical training would be provided by direct involvement in local farms relating to crop production practices, and the use, conservation and sale of agricultural products.

We furthermore recommend that

(a) Since the corresponding authorities of the U.S. Department of Agriculture have not accepted that money from the Insular funds be allocated for the maintenance of the now existing demonstration farms so as to offset the federal appropriations destined for Agricultural Development, that said demonstration farms be reverted to the Department of Agriculture and Commerce, for the purposes expressed herein.

(b) Allocation of the necessary money be requested from the rehabilitation funds for Puerto Rico, so as to strengthen and extend the service indicated herein.

(c) Legislation be approved that will be aimed at inducing landowners to devote at least five percent of their total arable land to the planting and production of fruits, vegetables, grains, and any other food used for consumption by human beings.

(d) In order to facilitate what is expressed in the preceding paragraph, that Act No. 76 of May 4, 1931, “To regulate the contracting of Agricultural Sharecropping, so as to regulate the use of land ceded voluntarily, authorize the tax exemption of the land assigned under such conditions, impose certain penalties for the violation of the provisions of this Law, and for other purposes,” be enforced in order to remove the obstacles to its operation that have been observed in the past.

(e) The U.S. Secretary of Agriculture be requested to allow the cultivation of food crops on the land set aside for the cultivation of tobacco and sugarcane, without the need for individual permits. This indication is made in view of the tobacco agreement in use by the Agricultural Adjustment Administration for the restriction of production in Puerto Rico, which in its clauses 10, 11 and 12, reads as follows:

10.[5] “The total area planted with crops to be harvested on this farm in 1934-35 plus the leased area will not be greater than the area so planted in 1932-33 or in 1933-34 (whichever is greater of said areas). This limitation shall not affect the producer’s right to harvest crops for domestic consumption in the leased area as provided in the following paragraph. The area planted with crops for sale on this farm in 1934-35 of each of the crops designated in the law as basic commodities will not be greater than the area for each of said crops planted in 1932-33 or in 1933-34 (whichever is greater of said areas) except for those cases in which such planting would have been allowed in a contract between the Producer and the Secretary. The number of head of any class of cattle designated as a basic commodity in the law (or a product of the products so designated) and kept or cared for on this farm for sale (or for the sale of one of its products) shall not be greater in 1934-35 than the number of heads so maintained and cared for in 1932-33 or in 1933-34 (whichever is greater) except as permitted under contract between the Producer and the Secretary.”

“11. The leased area shall be used by the Producer only as follows: All or any part of it may be left uncultivated or planted with crops that improve the soil or that prevent the land from being washed away, or planted with trees for wood or pasture; and never more than one half may be planted to food crops for domestic consumption on this farm or to crops that serve as livestock feed (or livestock crops) that are for domestic consumption or use on this farm.”

“12. If any other farm other than the farm(s) covered under this contract is owned or operated by the producer, such other farm shall be covered by a contract similar to this one if tobacco is grown on it, and a violation of any in the terms or conditions of such contract shall be sufficient cause for the termination of said contract by the Secretary. For the creation of this business concern, payment of personnel, travel expenses, purchase of equipment and materials, and for all other necessary expenses, $30,000 of Island funds should be allocated and an additional $100,000 of funds earmarked for the rehabilitation of the Island should be requested.”

G. Creation of Small Rural Properties

Up to this point, we have concerned ourselves with keeping established farmers on their farms and in their homes and assisting in production; however, this is not enough. To further promote a means of subsistence among the population, it is necessary to create small rural properties as they are known today under the name of subsistence farms, a meritorious work that was inaugurated in 1921 under the auspices of the Homestead Commission, Act No. 53, “To create a Homestead Commission; authorize the construction of houses for artisans, etc.”

The farms acquired under the provisions of chapter B section 1 of this report, shall be devoted to this purpose in the manner that is expressed below. In order to protect those farmers who are the owners of inherited farms in danger of foreclosure, to whose purchase we have previously referred, a part of said acquisitions shall be reserved to maintain said farmers, and the homes that have been established thereon by their owners, and on which they had been working and would otherwise have been evicted and thrown out of their homes. These farmers shall retain those farms under the same legal conditions of payment and the same requirements and benefits applicable to them as provided by the law and regulations that govern the activities of the Homestead Division in these cases. The other part of such farms shall be subdivided into rural plots with a sufficient area to provide for the total maintenance of a family and leased or sold in installments in accordance with the provisions of the Homestead Act.

These farms shall be referred to as “Agricultural Farms” to distinguish them from the subsistence farms provided for below.

For the purchase of said farms, and for the services that shall be later made available, a fund shall be created through a permanent appropriation from the Legislature of Puerto Rico, and through the sum of approximately sixteen million dollars, which shall be requested from the Federal Government from the special appropriations to be granted for the rehabilitation of Puerto Rico.

1. This fund will also be available for the construction of houses in the aforementioned farms, as well as in those already existing under the Homestead Division of the Department of Labor,

2. For the purchase of farming implements, seeds, fertilizers, insecticides, domestic animals, and other equipment or facilities that are considered necessary for the use of said farms by the farmers.

3. To pay for the services of technical personnel who shall devote all their time and efforts to the immediate problems of production, conservation, and sale of farm crops, as well as to instruct the farmers and their families on the types of crops that are most suitable for cultivating within their respective farms, how to preserve the harvested crops, sowing times, etc.

4. To provide potable water, and irrigation when necessary and feasible, to the communities thus formed.

5. To provide the facilitation of agricultural operations that, due to the small size of the individual properties, it will be necessary to maintain for the service of the Community, setting aside, when necessary, a plot of adequate size for these community services and building the necessary facilities on said plot. The details of these arrangements shall be the responsibility of the technical staff of the Division, as the circumstances that arise in each case may vary greatly.

The farms thus created shall be sold in accordance with the laws and regulations that currently govern the Homestead Division, however the terms for their payment shall be extended to twenty years. The same payment conditions shall be extended to existing farmers and to those that will be created from now on under the Homestead, so that they are given equal payment conditions.

The beneficiary shall be given the option, if he so prefers, to obtain the farm in a simple lease without the obligation to pay mortgage. However, if said farmer is in a position to do so, he may avail himself of the mortgage payment system established herein. The conditions of this lease will be set by the Homestead Commission, in agreement with the federal authorities.

The value of farm equipment and domestic animals shall be included in the total value of the farm. The seeds, fertilizers, insecticides, and other materials shall be paid by the farmers upon harvesting, returning the same amount of seed as has been delivered to them, and an amount of seed, moreover, equivalent to the value of the fertilizers and insecticides; or failing that, the cost for same shall be paid. The Commission may receive crops and products from farms as payment of mortgage and interest.

The fund hereby created, as well as the mortgage and lease payments made by the farmers,  shall also be made available to meet all previous obligations contracted by the Homestead Commission and its successor, the Homestead Division of the Department of Labor, under the terms and conditions to be determined by the Commissioners.

These farms shall be granted to trained farmers with families, who have had previous experience in managing a farm, and who also meet the essential conditions of health and moral character.

H. Subsistence Farms

The farms to which we have referred, shall be, as has been mentioned, of sufficient size to provide for the complete needs of the family, and shall require that the farmer who occupies them devote all his time to their upkeep and cultivation. There is also a need to continue promoting small subsistence farms in the same manner as those created by our Legislature through the aforementioned Act 53. These farms shall be smaller, since the occupant shall not be expected to derive his entire subsistence therefrom, but shall cultivate it to supplement his salary with the produce that he obtains therefrom, and it shall thus serve as a refuge and shelter against the intermittent nature of employment. He will not have to dedicate all his time to its cultivation, and he will be able to dedicate himself to remunerative industrial or agricultural work, under the same plan as the “Subsistence Homesteads” system, currently in application in the United States. To be eligible for these farms, no previous agricultural experience shall be required.

We therefore recommend that the President of the United States be asked to extend to Puerto Rico the benefits of the Industrial Recovery Act, allocating for these purposes no less than two million dollars ($2,000,000) of the twenty-five million dollars ($25,000,000) placed at his disposal by article 208 of said law for the creation of “Subsistence Homesteads.” The inhabitants of the Virgin Islands, where farms of this kind have already been created, have already become the recipients of these benefits, through allocations made from the referenced fund.

The tenants of these farms shall enjoy all the services provided for in the previous section regarding “Agricultural Farms,” including the option of taking them in a simple lease under the conditions stipulated therefor.

These farms shall also be managed by the Homestead Division of the Department of Labor with the necessary intervention of the Subsistence Homesteads Division of the United States Department of the Interior, as agreed by the Secretary of the Interior of the United States and the Insular Commissioner of Labor.

Specific Promotion of the Main Crops

Given that the main export crops form the foundation and the axis of the general economy, since they maintain the trade balance of export and import in check, they thus deserve special attention, as expressed below:

1. Sugar

a. Compensation for Restrictions

We hereby recommend that the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)[6] be requested when establishing compensation to cane growers for harvest restrictions that it do so with the same intent to benefit the cane grower as it has done in Louisiana. In Louisiana, despite the fact that there was no effective restriction, since the quota assigned to the state was 216,000 tons of sugar, and the total production estimated for this year by the AAA expert, Mr. L. L James, is 217,000 tons, benefit payments have been granted including payment for losses in the case of frost, which together with what the farmers receive for the payment of their cane from the mills, we are informed that said payment amounts to a total of $5.25 that the farmer will receive per ton of cane. What is being asked for is fair if we consider that the shoots, which in Puerto Rico are of capital importance in the cultivation of cane, are completely devalued, as the farmer is prevented from cultivating them for new harvests. It is with the good shoots that the Puerto Rican cane grower relies on mostly to obtain his profit in the business, particularly in times of depression, when it becomes difficult to obtain the essential spare capital for new plantings.

b. Equalization in Tax Assessment

As the rents of the lands withdrawn from the cultivation of sugarcane must necessarily decrease, it seems fair that the equalization referred to in the section on taxation be carried out, as proposed therein, so that the tax burdens of these lands continue to correspond to the reduced rents that can be expected from them.

c. Dissemination of the Production Tax

We recommend that legislation be passed so that a tax of four cents per quintal of processed sugar is actually paid by the industrialist, without it being possible to pass this tax on to the farmer.

d. Uniform Performance Calculation

We recommend that a fair and equitable formula be established by legislation to this effect so as to determine the probable sugar yield of the cane that is the object of sale between the cane farmers and the sugar mills, based on the quality of the cane juices delivered to the Central or main processing facility, and so that this performance thus established, serves as the basis for the payment of said purchases. As an example of the legislation that is recommended, we cite House Bill 361, submitted on March 23, 1933, by Representative Getulio Echeandía. This bill should be amended so that the proposed formula is compulsory instead of optional.

e. Attenuation and Proportional Adjustment of the Restriction

Whether the sugar factories in Puerto Rico are operated by individuals, corporations, or partnerships, there is no doubt that this industry constitutes the main component in our economic life, and whatever reduction is made in its production adversely affects our economy.

Since this restriction has been imposed, a conscientious effort must be made so that it is not greater than is essential, and that its application does not have the effect of impeding the normal operation of smaller establishments, which are the ones that are impelled to feel more severely the limitations imposed on them. For these reasons, we wish to make the following recommendations:

(1) That the Agricultural Adjustment Administration be requested to raise Puerto Rico’s quota for the year 1936 to no less than 1,000,000 (one million) tons of sugar.

(2) That the reductions be made in a progressive order, applying a lower reduction percentage to smaller establishments, and following a progressively ascending scale for larger establishments, according to their capacity and volume of production.

(3) That small production facilities whose total volume does not exceed 5,000 (five thousand) tons of sugar per year be exempted from the restriction.

(4) That, in the same way, when assigning the corresponding quotas to cane farmers (colonos), it is done by applying the principle of progressive restriction set forth above for the larger production facilities, and that those farmers whose total plantings of cane shall not exceed ten cuerdas.

(5) That the Agricultural Adjustment Administration be requested to enter into arrangements with the sugar producers of Puerto Rico so that they take charge and dispose of the sugar surplus caused by the retroactive effect of the Jones-Costigan Act, which brings our growers of sugar analogous benefits to those derived by the cotton growers in the Southern United States, based on the policy that said Agricultural Administration followed with respect to cotton surpluses.

2. Coffee

The rehabilitation of the coffee region would presumably yield an increase in production per unit area over what is now obtained. With an average yield of one quintal per cuerda, it is impossible for the coffee farmer to meet his obligations with the probability of fulfilling them.

To achieve this increase in unit production, it is necessary to undertake an ongoing program of technical and scientific research on the various aspects of coffee cultivation. It is also necessary to provide facilities and encouragement for the implementation of the recommended methods and for the full exploitation of the farm.

For these purposes we recommend[7] that experimental coffee substations, operating under the auspices of the Experimental Station of the University of Puerto Rico, be established in suitable places in the coffee-producing region, under the immediate technical and administrative direction of the Director of said Station, for the following purposes:

(1) To provide studies and experimentation on all phases of coffee cultivation and associated products, such as minor fruits, vanilla, malagueta (pimenta racemosa), achiote, and other such crops, as well as the techniques of preparing the beans for market.

(2) Establishment of seedbeds and nurseries for coffee and associated products, in order to offer farmers superior quality seeds, seedlings, and planting material.

Establish stud farms in said substations, using stallions of their own animal stock for breeding in the coffee-producing region, and to sell the offspring obtained therefrom to the public.

At present the Experimental Station is conducting research on coffee, with federal funds, but it lacks suitable sites in which to practice experiments utilizing modern technology.

For the establishment of these substations, including the purchase of the land, the construction of the necessary establishments, the purchase of equipment, materials, tools, etc., the amount of two hundred thousand dollars ($200,000) should be requested from the federal funds available for the rehabilitation of the island.

3. Tobacco

Aside from the problems inherent to the adaptation of cultivation systems, the changes that have been taking place in the consumer tobacco market, which involve the urgent need to reduce production costs and improve product quality, extremes in which the tobacco farmer must make every effort in closer cooperation with the country’s research centers that pursue the same purposes, it can be said that the Gordian knot of the tobacco problem today lies in the constriction in demand, coupled with customary sales marked by little competition or no free competition at all.

When the Commissions from our Island have described in Washington, D.C., these characteristics of our tobacco market to the experts of the Federal Agricultural Administration, they have expressed the opinion that under such auspices it was to be feared that the effectiveness of the federal credit aid that is extended to tobacco growers would be distorted. They therefore felt that a study seemed necessary with a view to reorganizing the usual sales system, perhaps doing so through the creation of a responsible official board or through legislation to create a Tobacco Exchange.

As much as, in our opinion, the measures thus proposed would always be limited by the insufficient competition among the initial independent buyers during the purchasing season, we nevertheless realize the importance that the official record of the situation would have in the archives of the Agricultural Adjustment Administration, given the powers with which it is vested by law to determine in cases of this nature through a licensing system. Therefore, we recommend that the Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico request that the Agricultural Adjustment Administration, through official channels, send a representative to the Island as soon as possible to carry out the appropriate study and make the pertinent recommendations, so that around said Administration might dictate the measures that it deems appropriate.

The foregoing recommendation does not prevent us from recommending, in addition, that the Trade Bureau of the Department of Agriculture and Commerce be empowered and enabled to intensify its efforts to put tobacco sellers on the Island in direct contact with the factories in the Southern United States that produce this class of tobacco.

4. Cotton

a. Technical Production Issues

When the activities of the agricultural and industrial cotton industry on the Island were closed, more than two years ago, for commercial reasons, the disastrous effect of the damage caused to the quantity and quality of the fiber by the infestation of the pink bollworm was already felt and by the sowing of crops. The revival of this industry, which is currently in the purview, postulates continuous and uncompromising attention to the repression of the aforementioned insect and to the conservation of a pure and high-quality seed.

Regarding the control of the infestation, it is one of the functions to which the body of inspectors of the Office for the Intensification of Food Production will have to dedicate itself, which we have already mentioned in section F. As for conservation of the purity and quality of the seed, this is a matter that the Insular Experimental Station must attend to.

b. Cotton Cooperatives

The clear path for the production of ginned cotton that supplies the demand is that of the organization of Cooperative Associations for the production and sale of said product. Such cooperative associations will, in turn, require the assistance of the Government as determined by Joint Resolution No. 4 of April 9, 1934, which is why we have already made the recommendation in this report alluding to the capitalization of sales cooperatives.

c. Market

The same recommendation that we made in the case of tobacco would apply in terms of facilitating and enabling the Trade Bureau of the Department of Agriculture and Commerce, to establish direct contacts between the country’s producers and the textile factories of the United States.

5. Cultivated Citrus Fruits

This industry is well organized for both production and sale, and the best protection that can be offered at present is that it be covered by cyclone insurance as provided for in section C, clause 4 of this report.

6. Wild Oranges

This crop has the potential to become an important export item, as evidenced by the fact that approximately 425,000 crates were shipped in the year 1927-28. This fruit is of very good quality, since it contains more juice, less acid, and a higher proportion of sugars than cultivated oranges. What has been harming and limiting the sale of this fruit up to the present has been its poor presentation, and the poor condition in which it reaches the market due to the lack of an organized system in harvesting, classification, and shipment.

Mr. A.S. Mason, the Shipping Inspector for the Federal Department of Commerce, submitted a report to the Commissioner of Insular Agriculture on April 22, 1932, after a special study of the market for these oranges which he made at the request of the Honorable Commissioner. After analyzing the matter in all its aspects, Mr. Mason made the following specific recommendations:

“That all this fruit be packed in a suitably organized packing plant, to be located in Mayagüez.

“That a trained and experienced superintendent be put in charge of this plant.

“That the appropriate machinery be installed in it, without excesses, for the handling of this fruit.” Mr. Mason estimates that machinery sufficient to ship 200,000 (two hundred thousand) crates can be obtained at a cost of $4,500 (four thousand five hundred dollars).

“That the fruit that is packed for export is of the U.S. No. 1 and U.S. No. 2 classifications, and that all fruit that does not meet these classifications be sold within the country [Puerto Rico].

“That immediately after harvesting the fruit be placed in a cooler, and that it is transported under refrigeration.

“That all fruit that has not reached maturity be rejected by the Superintendent of the plant.

“That good care be taken to avoid mixing bitter oranges with sweet ones. That personnel be employed to supervise the harvesting of the fruit in the field and its transportation to the packing plant.

“That the cooperation of the Agricultural Agents be obtained for this work.”

The most effective means for a program such as the one contemplated above is through the organization of a Cooperative; and it is recommended that the organization of such Cooperative be promoted, extending to it the assistance that can be provided within the terms of Joint Resolution No. 4, of April 9, 1934. The representatives of the Bureau for the Intensification of Food Production shall also cooperate in carrying out this program as determined by the Commissioner of Agriculture and Commerce.

7. Coconuts

The coconut fields in Puerto Rico are currently being attacked by two infestations that considerably reduce the corresponding production: the disease known as coconut bud-rot, and the coconut rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros). To combat these two infestations, we recommend that the Commissioner of Agriculture maintain an ongoing campaign of pest control, employing for this purpose the staff of the Bureau for the Intensification of Food Production.

The protection of this crop against cyclone risks has already been recommended in section C, clause 4 of this report.

J. Soil Conservation and Improvement[8]

This problem has become one of capital importance for us. The extensive destruction of our forests, leaving the land exposed to the inclement action of the torrential rains of our climate, has given rise to the fact that, over time, our soils have become deprived, due to the inevitable leaching under these conditions of a large part of their vegetal and humus layer. In many places, the rock foundation has already been reached; in others, the layer of soil that remains is already too thin to be profitably cultivated; and in others, although a layer of soil of sufficient depth is still preserved, its original fertility has been greatly diminished. It is urgent that this affliction be halted, despite all that has been done through all the means currently at our disposal. In the continental United States, this problem has been given extraordinary importance to the point of having created a special organization within the Department of the Interior, called the “Soil Erosion Service,” which is tasked with studying this erosion process in all its phases, and applying in each case the corresponding remedies: Construction of terraces, reforestation, sowing of permanent pastures, construction of fences and dikes, etc. A sum of twenty million dollars has been earmarked for this service, and a program of what might be called soil reconstruction is being developed very actively.

Given that our erosion problem has become so appalling—and if left unchecked, our efforts to create intensive agriculture would gradually be nullified by its ill effects—we recommend that the Hon. Secretary of the Interior of the United States be requested to extend the Soil Erosion Service to this Island, and to assign a specific budget for this purpose, which should not be below $200,000 (two hundred thousand dollars).

K. Industrial Development

1. The Need for an Industrial Policy

The policy of agricultural production intensification outlined in the preceding paragraphs, as essential and beneficial as it will be in facing the urgencies of the present, must bring, however, as a logical consequence and to the extent that it is successful, a new factor of competition and an eventual glut in the market. Excess production would place us, with respect to subsistence crops, in the same condition of superabundance that we now confront with respect to export crops. To reduce the stock of this latter group, it was deemed imperative to inaugurate a policy of restriction, which in turn has been profoundly affecting the economic foundations of the Island.

The satisfactory response that the world has always given up to the present to overabundant conditions of production, whatever the affected merchandise may have been, has been simplified to the application to the particular problem of professional intellect and financial and industrial initiatives. The aspect of professional intellect creates the new forms in which the old raw materials are to appear in the new markets. The financial or industrial initiatives makes possible the facilities and organizations for quantitative production and sale.

As a concrete example of the foregoing, it would seem befitting to cite a case that we have very close to us. In the chemical laboratories of the Experimental Station, as a result of the research initiated in the years 1931 to 1932, a specific fermentation organism has been discovered that, acting on cane molasses, produces, as a result of said fermentative action, the substance known by the name of butanol, which is a solvent used in large quantities, among other uses, for the preparation of paints and lacquers used for automobiles and airplanes. The innumerable steps taken by the inventor, the Commissioner of Agriculture, and the Director of the Experimental Station, so that the Government or the Association of Sugar Producers of Puerto Rico would register the patent and take advantage of this invention for the benefit of the country in general, has encountered legal problems and other inconveniences for the realization of these purposes. With the legal deadline for the filing of the patent application about to expire, and not having his own resources to do so on his own, the inventor turned to entities that might be interested in the matter in the United States. Immediately seeing the enormous commercial potentials of the procedure, these entities did not hesitate to enter into an agreement with the inventor, and submit said procedure to the corresponding industrial test, for which they installed a test plant (Pilot Plant) at a cost of approximately $30,000 (thirty thousand dollars). The success achieved in the aforementioned industrial test has been resounding, and soon we will see a new industry of great proportions based on this scientific research work, which could not be used in our environment, and which will create work and wealth in hands other than our own. The large-scale implementation of this industrial process, for which there is an immense market, would have been enough to absorb the total amount of molasses equivalent to the restriction on sugar production, without a single stalk of cane having ceased to be cultivated on the Island. The product of this industry raises the value of honey on the market from 4 to 5 cents, which is the price of a gallon of molasses, to 20 to 25 cents, which is the price of butanol, produced from the same amount of molasses.

[p. 29]

In the same way, other new procedures lie untapped that could serve as the basis for new industries—new multiplication factors of the current values ​​of our raw materials—that cry out for the official policy of industrial promotion that we are advocating.

We believe, therefore, that, as an obligatory corollary to the policy of intensifying agricultural production, an articulated plan should coexist for the maximum and multiple use of the products of the land, thereby transforming them into consumer items that resist storage for consumption or orderly sale, suitable for export and constituting new articles of commerce.

For these purposes, it seems propitious to us to divide the possibilities that are presented to us in this field of activities into three groups, namely:

A.—Cottage industries

B.—Small industries

C.—Major industries

For the launching of an industrial policy as is proposed herein, it is necessary to create an Industry Bureau as recommended below.

2. Cottage Industries

We give this name to those simple procedures that require little or no extraordinary tools or equipment and that can be carried out at home, by family members, to manufacture articles for personal use, and the preservation of food products. As an example, we have the making of sandals, espadrilles, using maguey, as well as baskets, and maguey bags; the preparation of canned fruits and vegetables, canned pork and its derivatives; the manufacture of cheeses, and the preparation of drinks from sour milk, etc.

To stimulate and promote these home occupations, the personnel of the Food Production Intensification Bureau will be used to instruct families in the practical aspects of these simple crafts, with the cooperation of the Extension Service of the University of Puerto Rico.

3. Small Industries.

We recommend the establishment of small factories for the confirmed commercial possibilities of converting agricultural products or their derivatives into industrial products that can be consumed and sold. The development of these industries will encompass the following steps, starting from a base already established in the laboratory, or in practical experience:

a. The factories shall be established at the expense of the Government and the first trials, until the practicality of the procedure has been demonstrated, will also be borne by said Government, including the acquisition of the raw materials.

b. Once the procedure has been established, the raw materials brought by the farmers shall be accepted for processing, with the farm retaining a reasonable proportional part of the total product produced as payment, for purposes of display and advertising on the Island and abroad.

c. Once the commercial success of the company has been demonstrated, the manufacturing site may be sold at public auction to be exploited by private individuals, and the Government representatives shall instruct the new owners in the operation thereof. The buyer will be exempt from all manner of taxes for the first five years, an exemption that during this term, and, when changing hands, shall continue with respect to the manufacturing site and its products as an inherent right thereto.

Among the possibilities within this field of action, the following should be mentioned[9]:

• Annatto products: powdered achiotón for culinary uses; in paste and fat extract for industrial purposes, such as coloring cheese, butter, and confections.
• Honey: A central plant shall be established for the production of a high-quality standard product: pure, uniform in color and non-fermentable.
• For the most abundant production of the raw material in this project, it is advisable to legislate so as to regulate the distance between the apiaries in order to ensure the sufficiency of nectar for the production of honey.
• Cane syrup: A factory for the preparation of a uniform and high-quality syrup (purity, uniform color, transparency, aroma, non-crystallizable, and non-fermentable).
• Wicker furniture: A workshop to stimulate the manufacturing of cheap furniture using cattail straw.
• Vanilla: A factory for the preparation of vanilla destined for the market.
• Derris or Daintree (Derris sp.): An insecticide preparation derived from derris, known on the market as rotenone. This plant species was introduced into the country when Mr. E. D. Colón was Commissioner of Agriculture and is now being successfully propagated at the Río Piedras Experimental Station.
• Vinegar: A factory for the manufacturing of vinegar derived from banana, pineapple juice, and cane juice, and for the preparation of pickles, using gherkins, mangoes, papayas, etc., for this purpose.
• Pork products: An establishment for the preparation of hams, sausages, lard, and bacon. For this purpose, there is a favorable environment in the interior of the Island, such as those ancillary activities carried out in tandem with the exploitation of coffee farms.
• Candies and chocolates: A factory for the manufacturing of candies and chocolates. The materials for this industry are mostly produced in the country, such as sugar, fruits, chocolate, and vanilla.

The revenue from the operation and sale of these small plants shall enter the fund so that it can be reinvested in the continuation and expansion of the system.

4. Major Industries.

Under this item, there are two aspects that should be taken into consideration: That of developing new procedures for the use of raw materials and secondary products that we now produce in abundance; and that of promoting the exploitation, on a large scale and in a cooperative form, of industries already known in the country.

a. Pilot Plants

To meet the first objective, a pilot plant shall be established to test and demonstrate the commercial feasibility of the large-scale exploitation of new industrial transformations already demonstrated in the laboratory, and by the calculations of the economic stage on a small scale. Right now research is being conducted in the chemical laboratory of the Experimental Station and by the Division of Industries of the Department of Agriculture and Commerce, which promise to be soon in the state in which they must be submitted to the corresponding trials at the pilot plant. Among these, we can mention the following: Processes for the manufacture of alpha cellulose from bagasse and cane leaves; for the manufacture of butyric acid from cane molasses by fermentation caused by a particular organism isolated by our chemists; for the extraction of wax and the manufacture of charcoal from the sugarcane bagass; and for the bottling of orange juice. The manufacturing site shall be established and shall operate under the auspices of the Bureau of Industries, the creation of which is hereby recommended under the Department of Agriculture and Commerce. We recommend that the amount of $50,000 (fifty thousand dollars) be allocated to start this service.

The technical staff for this concern shall be paid from insular funds. For the installation and operation of the small industrial plants, $100,000 will be requested from the federal funds available for the rehabilitation of the Island.

b. Promotion of the Cooperative System of Large-Scale Industries.

Since the Federal Government has announced its willingness to invest considerable sums of money earmarked for the rehabilitation of the Island’s sugar mills, it seems opportune to request that it extend this assistance to other industries for the exploitation of which favorable conditions exist in Puerto Rico, and that to tell the truth are more in need of encouragement and aid than sugar manufacturing, such as cigar and cigarette factories; coffee mills; factories for the industrialization of coconut products and cotton, (ice making), cattle feed, canned fruit, etc.

To this end, we propose the creation of a Board for Industrial Development, in which the Federal and Insular Governments are duly represented, to which the necessary initial capital (not less than six million dollars) will be provided in trust, from any federal funds available for the rehabilitation of the Island, in order to use and administer it in accordance with the following plan.

The Board shall acquire the properties and shall establish the industrial installations that are deemed necessary and suitable. The Board shall proceed immediately to organize the producers of the corresponding raw materials into cooperative associations to which it shall hand over the administration of the property through a long-term sales contract with a modest interest rate, using the same properties as collateral.

The Board shall reserve an adequate part of the funds in trust to facilitate industrial operating loans to said cooperatives; It will have representation on the Board of Directors of these associations and will have the right to absolute veto of any policy, procedure, practice, or action that in its opinion is not suited to the interests of the cooperatives or to the interests of the corresponding trustees. The payments made by the Cooperative for amortization of the principal and interest account on the dates on which it so decides, will increase the initial trust fund to be used in the extension of the Industrial Cooperative system established herein. After debt payments have been satisfied in total, the cooperative union shall transfer the property to the association for a simple fee. All the accounting and administration of these cooperatives shall be controlled by the Auditor of Puerto Rico in the same way and with the same rights, privileges and prerogatives with which he intervenes in the administration of the Municipalities and the Insular Government of Puerto Rico.

When the acquisition of industrial properties by the Board brings with it the acquisition of rural properties, these shall be sold in plots of no more than 50 (fifty) cuerdas of fertile first-class land, and no more than 75 (seventy-five) cuerdas of land of inferior quality, and under conditions analogous to the sale of industrial facilities to the Association, to individuals who will have to formally commit to remain members of the cooperative in question. Those individuals who already own rural properties shall not be eligible for this privilege. The property thus acquired by these persons may not be sold, leased, encumbered, or transferred in any way, except with the consent of the Board and to those persons who meet the requirements for its concession.

L. Public Works[10]

The appropriate development, and thus the success of the plan outlined thus far, requires as a primary condition the implementation of a public works program that shall serve as the foundation of the structuring of all the work that we intend to carry out. These works constitute the physical framework that is essential to the execution of ideas; they are the necessary instruments for making these projects viable; the essential material to the entire modus operandi.

Cadaster: The importance of the formation of a cadaster or property register does not need to be explained, and its relation to the other agricultural phases of this plan have been indicated when dealing with Tax Equalization discussed above. For the complete establishment of such a cadaster, plans have been formulated and the cost determined by the Department of the Interior for a total of $5,000,000.

We recommend that these projects be included in the works that are projected to be carried out in Puerto Rico with the special allocation for National Rehabilitation that has already been approved by the United States House of Representatives and is pending approval by the Senate.

Municipal Roads: The construction of a network of municipal roads that will facilitate the transportation of products from the farm to the market, and also the cheap transportation of the necessary tools and materials to the farms, for their exploitation, cannot be postponed.

It is not sufficient that the main transit arteries, such as highways, railways, and canals, are built. In order for these main arteries to yield the maximum benefit to agriculture, it is necessary that there also be auxiliary communication routes that connect each farm with the highway, the railway, or the canal. This is the function of municipal roads. Our Legislature, realizing the great importance that the development of a well-coordinated network of municipal roads as a complement to the established highway network has for the development of our agriculture and for the general economy of the country, has provided for the gradual construction of these roads according to Joint Resolution No. 74, approved on May 14, 1931, under the title of the General Municipal Roads Plan.

This, however, does not even confront the urgent need that exists to extend the original plan and to carry out the necessary constructions in the shortest possible time. To the extent that the intensification of agricultural production is successful, it will be necessary to intensify the construction of municipal roads; and in the same way, the agricultural intensification plan will not succeed except in proportion to the extent to which our roads are built.

Based on studies conducted for this purpose, our Department of the Interior estimates that 7,000 kilometers of municipal roads must be built, and that the cost of these will be approximately $9,000,000.

We recommend that this money be raised, if no other way is possible, through a loan to be repaid over the course of fifty years, which will be paid from gasoline tax revenues.

Water Sources and Irrigation: Another basic necessity for intensive agriculture is irrigation. Even in areas where the total annual rainfall can be considered sufficient, the need for irrigation is frequently discussed, since it is not always the distribution of rainfall that best suits the needs of the crop. The possibility of applying irrigation water to crops at the appropriate time and in the necessary quantities is an essential condition for true intensive agriculture at maximum production. The establishment of reservoirs for fluvial waters entails the possibility of jointly developing a hydroelectric system that would facilitate the promotion of industries and household activities. The industrial development of Puerto Rico is conditioned by the flow of electricity that we can produce, since we lack any other source of energy, and the prices of imported fuels are onerous for industrial competition. This need has been so recognized among us, that we have gone to the limit of our resources trying to take it as far as we can, as evidenced by the establishment of irrigation on the southern coast, the Isabela Irrigation System, and the enactment of the Law No. 60 of 1925, “Imposing annually on the appraised value of all real property of the Island of Puerto Rico not exempt from appraisal, a special tax of 1/10 of one percent for three years only, 1925 - 26, 1926 - 27 and 1927 - 28, in addition to all other taxes imposed by virtue of other laws in force, to create a fund that will be directed toward the construction of works to develop the water resources of the Island of Puerto Rico, in order to take advantage of the natural resources and provide income to the Insular Treasury, and for other purposes,” which would be complemented by the expansion provided by Joint Resolution No. 36, approved on April 29, 1927.

However, in order to promote the industrial and agricultural development of the country, to the extent being currently sought, it is necessary to accelerate as much as possible the work leading to the full use of our water resources, for irrigation purposes and for the generation of electrical energy. The Department of the Interior has carried out the necessary studies and has formulated the fundamental projects for these works, having calculated their approximate cost at $25,000,000.

We recommend that the corresponding agency of the Federal Government (Reconstruction Finance Corporation) obtain the necessary loan to be amortized with the revenue produced by the operation of the system, and that these works be carried out according to the plans proposed in the public works plan attached hereto.

Hospitals and Schoolhouses: There can be no effective public welfare policy without adequate hospitals, just as the construction of schoolhouses is necessary for the greatest efficiency of teaching. Let us not forget that any system, plan, or program of action that is adopted for any community will be limited in its realization by two fundamental factors, which will also condition the human factor, which is ultimately what everything depends on: the energy that is put into its realization, and the intelligence with which this energy is applied. The former depends essentially on health, while the latter is a function of the educational level of citizens.

For the immediate initiation and orderly and systematic construction of these and other necessary works, within a defined period of time, we propose below the following Public Works Plan.

In order to facilitate the discussion of this Public Works Plan, which, as will be seen later, is very extensive and varied, we have broken it down into its main aspects to adjust our approach to the following order:

Public Works

1. Cadaster
2. Construction of Housing, Schoolhouses, and other Buildings
3. Port Improvements and Development
4. Water Resources and Irrigation
5. Improved Municipal Roads
6. Island Roads
7. Aqueducts and Sewers
8. Industries related to the Engineering Branch
9. Mineral Resources[11]

We shall enter into the consideration of each of these sections, in the order set forth above.

"A" Cadaster

Although reference is made in the preface to the “Public Works” section hereof concerning the cost for this entity, according to figures from the Department of the Interior we summarize all the scientific works to be discussed in relation to this matter as follows:

• Topographic Map
• Geological Map – The New York Academy of Sciences is close to finishing this map.
• Agrological and Agronomic Map – The Division of Soils of the United States Department of Agriculture has one in preparation.
• Hydrographic Map
• Plot Map - Such a map has not yet been created
• Aerial Map
• Valuation of Public and Private Property
• Statistical Data in General

If the studies carried out thus far by the New York Academy of Sciences and by the Division of Soils of the United States Department of Agriculture are used, in relation to the maps already mentioned, the other six points would remain pending action, all of them essential, if we wish to assess once and for all the wealth of the Island and its possibilities and lay unshakeable foundations for a rehabilitation without any misconceptions.

The cadaster of Puerto Rico is a fundamental need; because it greatly facilitates the studies of any engineering work, especially those related to transportation routes, drainage, and irrigation.

Our island cannot delay complete knowledge of its topography, its soils, its hydrography, and its plot map any longer if, in order to definitively develop its latent riches, it wishes to establish its agriculture and its industries on bases that ensure definitively the well-being of its inhabitants.

The aerial map of the Island, which has served to correct certain errors in our theoretical geography, once completed, will contribute effectively to agrological studies and to the charting of the plot map.

The valuation of public and private property that exists today in Puerto Rico must be completely revised in order to match it to the soil classification study that would be part of the function of the cadaster.

Another of the areas that needs to be explored, if we are to understand Puerto Rico’s possibilities, entails the compilation of full methodological statistics that we recommend in connection with the cadaster. The most reliable sources of information used by governments today are the general statistics, which at any time denote industrial, agricultural, and manufacturing progress and all the details of the citizens’ lives.

Based on the multitude of indications that we condense in this section of the cadaster, we estimate with the Department of the Interior of Puerto Rico that its cost would amount to $5,000,000.

"B" Construction of Houses, Schools and Other Buildings

It is not possible for our families to live comfortably if they are not accommodated in housing that meets the requirements established by the Department of Health, and offer adequate protection against cyclones, fires, and earthquakes.

Houses need to be built in all regions of Puerto Rico, not only in urban areas but also in rural areas. As for whether they should be built in groups or individually, it is a matter that should be left to the committee in charge of their construction, since we suppose that in some places group housing would be deemed most suitable, while in others isolated homes would be better.

The type of house must be economical, so that the amount of it can be paid in a term of ten years.

We recommend that the houses be made of reinforced concrete, but in special cases they can be built of wood or any other material. They must house only one family, as this avoids difficulties in the future regarding the payment of the property and its conservation. Each house will have an approximate area of ​​420 square feet. The cost of one of these houses, according to calculations by the Department of the Interior, is $720, without adding street, water, sewage, and electricity costs. Bearing these additional expenses in mind, the cost of each house would be approximately $800.

We recommend that 20,000 houses be built distributed in all the regions of Puerto Rico, according to the population, but keeping in mind the needs of each region. Twenty thousand houses at $800 each would cost $16,000,000. Regarding the payment of these houses, we propose that it be made in ten annuities. Of course, 4½ percent annual interest must be calculated.

It seems appropriate to note that regarding the houses that are built along streets on already urbanized land, the cost of each of them will be $720 instead of $800 that we have considered for the calculation of the 20,000 units.

Total, $16,000,000.

Construction of Schoolhouses: According to official data, the municipalities of the Island rent buildings annually which are then used for educational purposes. Annually, a space for 1,200 rooms is contracted, for which a rent of $150,000 is paid. The Department of the Interior has estimated that $4,000,000 is needed to construct modern reinforced concrete buildings which would ultimately enable the provision of 1,200 classrooms.

We recommend the construction of shed-like buildings for 1,200 classrooms, as this is justified by the annual expense of $150,000 for rentals.

Total, $4,000,000.

Other Buildings: We also recommend repairing the Porta Coeli building, built in the city of San Germán in 1569 and of great historical value. Several buildings in El Pueblo de Puerto Rico also need to be repaired. For this the Department of the Interior has budgeted $50,000.

It is extremely advisable to construct a building to establish the Museum of History of Puerto Rico. For this, the amount of $75,000 should be allocated, according to calculations by the Department of the Interior.

In order to promote tourism, more facilities must be provided, such as the expansion of some of the existing hotels and the construction of some new ones. The Department of the Interior has calculated an expansion to the Hotel Condado so as to add one hundred rooms. The project includes improvements to the Condado Bay. The budget amounts to the sum of $300,000. We recommend that these be favorably considered. Other measures aimed at promoting tourism are discussed at the end of this report.

An amount of $200,000 must also be allocated for the construction of hotels in the mountains of the Island.

For the construction of parks in San Juan and in other municipalities on the Island, we endorse the recommendation of the Department of the Interior that $1,500,000 be allocated.

In addition to these new works, assistance should be provided to the municipalities so that they can construct buildings for their respective town halls, hospitals, marketplaces, and slaughterhouses. They should also be given money to improve their cemeteries. As a large number of the municipalities of the island have many of these buildings, we recommend that the sum of $500,000 be allocated to help them build what they need for town halls, hospitals, marketplaces, and slaughterhouses, and for improvements to cemeteries.

Total, $2,625,000.

Grand Total “B,” $22,625,000.

Note: See tables B-1 and B-2 on this topic.

Table B-1 List of buildings that are the property of the island governmentindicating the valuation of each of said structures
Allen 1, San Juan	$20,000
Allen 2, San Juan	30,000
Allen 3, San Juan	100,000
Allen 5, San Juan	80,000
Home for the Blind, Santurce	100,000
Home for Girls, Santurce	170,000
Home for Boys, Santurce	150,000
Carnegie Library, San Juan	50,000
Port Authority Building, Mayagüez	4,000
Port Authority Building, Ponce	10,000
Insular Capitol Building, San Juan	2,250,000
District Prison, Aguadilla	10,000
District Prison, Arecibo	20,000
District Prison, Guayama	15,000
District Prison, Humacao	30,000
District Court, Aguadilla	50,000
District Court, Arecibo	15,000
District Court, Bayamón	15,000
District Court, Guayama	50,000
District Court, Humacao	50,000
District Court and Prison, Ponce	150,000
Industrial Commission, San Juan	25,000
Cuarentenario Building, San Juan	75,000
Dept. of Health, Former Mental Hospital, San Juan	250,000
Dept. of Labor, San Juan	20,000
Council Office, San Juan	120,000
Insular Building, Culebra	5,000
Insular Building Humacao	4,000
Reform School, Mayagüez	300,000
Experimental Station, Río Piedras	120,000
Naval Station, San Juan	130,000
Bee Farm, Guaynabo	3,000
District Hospital, Ponce	100,000
District Hospital, San Juan	100,000
Institute for Blind Children, Santurce	50,000
Quartermaster’s Office, San Juan	225,000
Leprosarium, Trujillo Alto	100,000
Insular Mental Hospital, Río Piedras	1,000,000
Pavilion, San Juan	8,000
Modern Penitentiary, Río Piedras	800,000
Insular Police Precinct, Río Piedras	3,000
Presidio Viejo (Former Prison), San Juan	150,000
Insular Police Precinct, San Juan	40,000
Insular Sanatorium, Río Piedras	500,000
Insular Telegraph Offices, Aguadilla	5,000
Insular Telegraph Offices, Caguas	15,000
Insular Telegraph Offices, Ceiba	1,000
Insular Telegraph Offices, Mayagüez	3,000
Insular Telegraph Offices, Ponce	6,000
Insular Telegraph Offices, San Lorenzo	5,000
Insular Telegraph Offices, Vieques	1,000
School of Tropical Medicine, San Juan	185,000
Agricultural Farm Station, Arecibo	5,200
Agricultural Farm Station, Cayey	5,500
Agricultural Farm Station, Isabela	7,200
Agricultural Farm Station, Utuado	4,900
Agricultural Farm Station, Trujillo Alto	5,500
Agricultural Farm Station, Vega Baja	5,200
Agricultural Farm Station, Mayagüez	5,500
School of Agriculture, Mayagüez	80,000
Military Foundries, San Juan	30,000
Barrio Obrero Administrative Buildings, Martín Peña	6,000
University of Puerto Rico, Dean’s Residence	15,000
University of Puerto Rico, Janer Building (Building No. 2)	75,000
University of Puerto Rico, Matienzo Building	65,000
University of Puerto Rico, Memorial Building	36,000
University of Puerto Rico, Modelo Building	30,000
University of Puerto Rico, Industrial Building	120,000
University of Puerto Rico, Stahl Building	105,000
School of Agriculture, Degetau Building	35,000
School of Agriculture, Sciences Building	30,000
Palace, San Juan	100,000
Executive Secretariat, San Juan	30,000
Total	$8,514,000

Table B-2List of municipalities with or without a town hall, marketplace, hospital, and slaughterhouse, as well as the amount needed to provide for these four needs
Municipality	Hospital	Town Hall	Marketplace	Slaughterhouse	Allocation
Adjuntas	No	Yes	No	Yes	$16,000
Aguada	Yes*[12]	Yes	No	No	16,000
Aguadilla	Yes*	Yes	Yes	Yes*	4,500
Aguas Buenas[13]	No	Yes*	No	Yes*	21,500
Aibonito	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	10,000
Añasco	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	-
Arecibo	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	-
Arroyo	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	10,000
Barceloneta	Yes	Yes	No	No	13,000
Barranquitas	Yes	Yes	No	Yes*	11,500
Bayamón	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	10,000
Cabo Rojo	Yes	Yes	Yes*	Yes*	6,500
Caguas	Yes*	Yes*	No	Yes*	18,500
Camuy	Yes	Yes	No	Yes*	11,500
Carolina	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	10,000
Cataño	No	No	No	No	27,000
Cayey	Yes	No	No	Yes	18,000
Ceiba	No	Yes	No	Yes*	17,500
Ciales	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	-
Cidra	No	Yes	No	Yes*	17,500
Coamo	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	10,000
Comerío	Yes*	Yes	No	Yes*	14,500
Corozal	No	Yes	No	Yes*	17,500
Culebra	No	Yes	No	No	19,000
Dorado	No	Yes	No	Yes*	17,500
Fajardo	Yes*	Yes	Yes	Yes	3,000
Guánica	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	10,000
Guayama	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	-
Guayanilla	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	10,000
Guaynabo	No	Yes	No	No	19,000
Gurabo	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	10,000
Hatillo	Yes*	Yes*	No	Yes	17,000
Hormigueros	No	Yes	No	Yes	16,000
Humacao	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	10,000
Isabela	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	6,000
Jayuya	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	10,000
Juana Díaz	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	-
Juncos	Yes	Yes	No	Yes*	11,500
Lajas	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	-
Lares	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	-
Las Marías	No	Yes	No	Yes*	17,500
Las Piedras	Yes	Yes	No	Yes*	11,500
Loíza	Yes	Yes	No	No	13,000
Luquillo	Yes*	Yes	No	Yes	13,000
Manatí	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes*	1,500
Maricao	Yes	Yes*	No	Yes*	15,500
Maunabo	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	10,000
Mayagüez	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	-
Moca	No	No	No	Yes*	25,500
Morovis	Yes*	Yes	No	Yes*	14,500
Naguabo	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	-
Naranjito	No	Yes	No	Yes	16,000
Orocovis	No	Yes	No	Yes*	17,500
Patillas	Yes*	Yes	No	Yes*	14,500
Peñuelas	Yes*	Yes	No	Yes	13,000
Ponce	Yes*	Yes	Yes	Yes	3,000
Quebradillas	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	10,000
Rincón	No	Yes	No	No	19,000
Río Grande	No	Yes	No	Yes*	17,500
Río Piedras	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	-
Sabana Grande	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	-
Salinas	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	-
San Germán	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	6,000
San Juan	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	-
San Lorenzo	Yes	Yes*	No	Yes*	15,500
San Sebastián	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	-
Santa Isabel	Yes*	No	No	Yes*	22,500
Toa Alta	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	10,000
Toa Baja	Yes	Yes	No	No	13,000
Trujillo Alto	No	Yes	No	Yes	16,000
Utuado	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	10,000
Vega Alta	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	10,000
Vega Baja	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	10,000
Vieques	Yes	Yes	Yes*	Yes	5,000
Villalba	No	Yes*	No	Yes*	21,500
Yabucoa	Yes*	Yes*	Yes*	Yes*	13,500
Yauco	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	-
Total					$825,500[14]

Expanded image: Historical Map of Puerto Rico

×

"C" Port Improvements and Development

It is clearly desirable to have the largest number of ports in conditions such that any ship of greater or less draft can enter without any difficulty at any time of the day or night. Since time immemorial, efforts have been made to improve the ports of San Juan, Ponce, Mayagüez, Arecibo and Aguadilla. Other ports on the island must also be improved, such as those at Guánica Bay, Yabucoa, Fajardo, Ceiba (Ensenada Honda), and Vieques.

In almost all port improvement projects, the beach is also improved, since the material from the dredging is used to fill it, and thus put it in more salubrious conditions, and later use the land reclaimed from the sea.

Port of San Juan: On May 9, 1933, a public hearing was held in San Juan before Lieutenant Colonel E. D. Ardery, District Engineer for the Army Corps of Engineers, in which the Commissioner of the Interior presented four projects to improve the port of San Juan. According to the calculations of the same Commissioner, the cost for carrying out these projects (dredging), would represent an expense of approximately $1,000,000.

We recommend that this amount be allocated to undertake these four projects, so as to definitively resolve the question of the Port of San Juan. We also recommend that $100,000 be allocated for dike-walls, $50,000 for a bascule bridge on Highway No. 2, and $250,000 to create a duty-free zone.

It is necessary to build a dry dock in San Juan with an approximate length of 600 feet for a depth of 22 feet in gravel and a width of 60, 80 and 100 feet. For this work, the sum of $1,000,000 must be allocated.

Port of Ponce: In 1925, the Department of War approved a project to improve the Port of Ponce, dredging it to 30 feet, but in some places only to 18 and 9 feet. The budget for this work, which was prepared in 1922, amounted to $1,016,000.

Port of Mayagüez: In the Port of Mayagüez, certain improvement works have just been carried out, however it is necessary to provide protection for the filled area in La Puntilla Bay by means of an appropriate dike. For this project, the sum of $100,000 should be allocated.

Port of Arecibo: The improvements to the Port of Arecibo, as approved by the Department of War, amount to $468,000 plus an annual investment of $15,000 for conservation. The project includes a 410-foot-wide channel with a depth of 25 feet, a turning area dredged to a depth of 25 feet and 600 square feet, and a breakwater to protect the interior bay, from the point known as Punta Morrrellos [ ] to “Cocinera” rock, with an approximate length of 1,000 feet.

It is essential that this sum of $468,000 be allocated in order for this work to be carried out, and once the works are finished, the People of Puerto Rico would manage them in a manner similar to that used in the docks it has in San Juan. In addition, we recommend that the sum of $300,000 be allocated to build a terminal in Arecibo.

Port of Aguadilla: There is no project approved by federal authorities for the Port of Aguadilla. The People of Puerto Rico (Department of the Interior) have requested that the Port of Aguadilla be included among those to be improved. The works to be carried out would amount to $125,000.

We recommend that the necessary steps be taken so that the Port of Aguadilla be included among those that should be improved and that at the same time the sum of $125,000 be allocated for the work, i.e., $100,000 for the dredging and breakwater and $25,000 for the terminal. This calculation is in keeping with estimates from the Department of the Interior.

Guánica Bay: Local interests have made improvements to Guánica Bay amounting to $17,000. We recommend that the sum of $25,000 be allocated to widen the entrance and clean up the bay.

Port of Yabucoa: We recommend that the sum of $100,000 be earmarked for improvements to said port.

Ports of Fajardo, Ceiba (Ensenada Honda), and Vieques: We suggest that the sum of $100,000 be earmarked for improvements to these ports. All this according to the budget of the Department of the Interior.

Total “C,” $3,918,000.

"D" Water Resources and Irrigation in Puerto Rico

The development of Puerto Rico’s water resources began long ago in the district of Guayama. In 1911, construction began in Carité on the first power plant capable of generating 1,400 K.W., in connection with the irrigation system of the South Coast.

In 1927, the Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico expanded the hydroelectric system through a project known as Water Resources Utilization, which had been created by Law No. 60 of 1925.

In the fiscal year 1929 – 30, power generation [from said sources] reached 24,279,260 kWh

At the beginning of the fiscal year 1930 – 31 the hydroelectric system had a capacity of only 13,000 horsepower, including the interconnection of the Ponce Electric Co. and the interconnections made during the year increased the generating capacity of the general system to 40,000 horsepower. In this way, the interconnection plans between the various companies and entities that operate the electric power service on the Island were carried out quickly.

The Water Resources Utilization project took over the operation of the Isabela hydroelectric system during fiscal year 1931 – 32.

Overall generation capacity delivered to the system during fiscal year 1932-33 amounted to 31,804,210 kWh.

By developing sufficient electrical energy, power plants and railways can be electrified, as well as move all kinds of machines with electric motors. The current for lighting and power can also be carried to all corners of Puerto Rico, thus defending our trees, which are, in general, destroyed for the preparation of charcoal.

Table D-1, which is provided below[15], shows the projects for new hydroelectric plants, irrigation and drainage in Puerto Rico that can be developed at a cost of $25,180,000. If this can be achieved, we could count on an additional 32,450 hp. Additionally, 32,300 acres could be irrigated and 5,500 acres drained.

The hydroelectric systems currently operated by the government have an installed capacity of 9,000 horsepower, with an output of 33,000,000 kWh year. The current consumption of all plants including all public systems that are operated under franchise is 75,000,000 kWh per year and can be carried in the future to 200,000,000 kWh per year thus making possible the electrification of power plants, railways, pumps for drainage, irrigation, etc., leaving a margin of about 50,000,000 kWh per year for the future development of industries.

The total financial potential of the hydroelectric power system on the Island has been valued at $20,000,000. Total stated below[16] sets the valuation at $25,180,000, but this is due to the inclusion of irrigation and drainage related to the development of these electrical systems. The Government of Puerto Rico (Department of the Interior) has calculated that the 200,000,000 kWh would give a total gross income for the year the sale of 2,600,000 and that the system, amortization and operating expenses would amount to 1,600,000 which would give a profit of $1,000,000.

On the basis of the foregoing, we recommend that the sum of $25,180,001 be allocated for the development of hydroelectric power, irrigation, drainage, etc., indicated in the following table.

Total “D,” $25,180,000.

Table D-1New hydroelectric plants, irrigation and drainage projects in Puerto Rico
Projects that can be developed	Municipalities	Systems		Drainage Area to be drained	Budget
		Hydro-electric	Irrigation (Area in Acres)
Garzas	Guayanilla and Yauco	4,000	6,000		$2,000,000
Jauca and Río Buraná	Santa Isabel and Ponce	4,000	2,000		1,200,000
Río Arecibo	Arecibo	7,000			1,800,000
Río Yahuescas	Adjuntas	2,000			600,000
Río Blanco	Lares	3,000			900,000
Río Guasio	Añasco	5,000			1,300,0000
Carite No. 2	Guayama	600			150,000
Toro Negro No. 2	Villalba	1,000			250,000
Irrigation – Manatí, Vega Baja and drainage of Caño Tiburones	Manatí, Vega Baja and Arecibo	1,250	7,500	5,000	1,800,000
Irrigation – Lajas, Cabo Rojo and Sabana Grande	Lajas, Cabo Rojo and Sabana Grande	1,000	12,000		3,300,000
Drainage of Barrio Bajura, Cabo Rojo	Cabo Rojo			500	80,000
Irrigation system extension and improvement in Isabela	Quebradillas and Camuy	3,600	4,800		1,800,000
Channeling of the Portugués, Yagüez, Orocovis, Yaurel Rivers, and others, to prevent flooding and benefit agriculture	Ponce, Mayagüez, Orocovis, Arroyo, and others.				3,000,000
Acquisition of private hydroelectric plants					7,000,000
Total		32,450	32,300	5,500	$25,180,000

"E" Surfaced Municipal Roads

There is no doubt that transportation routes constitute one of the most important factors for the economic development of any municipality. That is why we recommend that the municipal road construction plan be continued by obtaining funds from wherever possible.

According to the list of municipal roads registered in the Department of the Interior on June 20, 1934, including the 1,500 kilometers of the plan of Joint Resolution No. 74 of 1931, there are 7,086.20 kilometers of municipal roads that must be surfaced and maintained in such conditions that at any time they are in conditions of being able to be used without any difficulty. It seems worthwhile to note that there are several roads that are not recorded in the registry, which indicates that municipal roads exceed 7,086.20 kilometers. Since there are only about 170 kilometers paved, we will assume that approximately 7,000 kilometers remain to be surfaced. Calculating that each kilometer costs about $7,000, this would cause an expense of $49,000,000.

We recommend the construction of these 7,000 kilometers to carry out the work at a rate of 700 kilometers annually; in order to carry out the work, obtain a loan from the Financial Reconstruction Corporation for the sum of $50,000,000 to pay them over a period of fifty years, with the tax of seven cents per gallon of gasoline created by the Legislature of Puerto Rico—

Total “E,” $49,000,000.

"F" Island Roadways

Roadways comprise the main means of transportation and communication. They connect most of the municipal roads in Puerto Rico, thus forming a well-developed network that can serve all regions of the country. There are currently about[17] 1,880.5 kilometers of island roadways built on the Island. Most of these roads are paved and are kept in very good condition. We recommend that the general plan for island roads be completed, including, of course, the construction of all bridges and culverts, and any necessary masonry work. Many of these existing works need to be expanded. In keeping with European countries, modifications should also be made in terms of eliminating as much as possible many of the curves, thereby giving these routes a greater radius. Where it is justified that an alternative route is more suitable, it should be built without delay.

We must follow the good practice of the United States and European countries that tends to eliminate level crossings on railway tracks as much as possible. We can assure you that in 90 percent of the cases this is relatively easy, either by introducing a modification on the road or railway, or by making an underpass or overpass. The money spent on this will be well spent because it will greatly reduce the number of accidents at railway crossings.

Of the general road plan that the government undertook 18 years ago, there are still 200 kilometers to be built distributed across the Island in 22 different sections. These roadways must be finished as soon as possible, in order to fully utilize the sections that have been built. As the Public Works Administration created in accordance with the precepts of the “National Recovery Act” has taken charge of the construction of five of these complete sections and part of another four that in total add up to 43 kilometers, there are therefore 217 kilometers remaining to be built at a cost of $2,549,800, according to calculations by the Department of the Interior of Puerto Rico.

Twenty-nine bridges must be built in order for the road plan to be complete. The Public Works Administration of the “National Recovery Act” has committed to building 11, leaving 18 for which it is necessary to allocate resources. In addition, 14 pontoons and 15 culverts must be built, and 208 pontoons and culverts widened. The construction of the missing bridges, as well as culverts and widened sections, have been accorded a budget of $654,000. We recommend that these works be carried out.

The Telford and McAdam constructions, and the asphalt must be improved and, in many cases, rebuilt, and some parts replaced with concrete. The Department of the Interior has made a detailed study of these matters and estimates that the sum of $8,129,894 is needed to carry them out.

To improve the curves, and introduce bypasses in the roadways, so as to prevent flooding through the elimination of level crossings, and to protect the roads in the dangerous places, it is necessary that the sum of $1,000,000 be allocated.

Total “F,” $12,333,694.

"G" Aqueducts and Sewage Systems

The Island of Puerto Rico is subdivided into 77 municipalities, of which 73 have a more or less efficient aqueduct system for urban areas, and only 30 have their own sewage system, which does not extend to the entire urban area in all cases.

Table G-1List of municipalities indicating presenceof aqueducts and sewage systems
Municipality	Aqueduct	Sewage System	Municipality	Aqueduct	Sewage System
Adjuntas	Yes	No	Lares	Yes	Yes
Aguada	Yes	No	Las Marías	Yes	No
Aguadilla	Yes	Yes	Las Piedras	Yes	No
Aguas Buenas	Yes	No	Loíza	Yes	Yes
Aibonito	Yes	No	Luquillo	Yes	No
Añasco	Yes	Yes	Manatí	Yes	No
Arecibo	Yes	No	Maricao	Yes	Yes
Arroyo	Yes	No	Maunabo	Yes	No
Barceloneta	Yes	Yes	Mayagüez	Yes	No
Barranquitas	Yes	No	Moca	Yes	No
Bayamón	Yes	Yes	Morovis	Yes	No
Cabo Rojo	No	No	Naguabo	Yes	Yes
Caguas	Yes	Yes	Naranjito	Yes	No
Camuy	Yes	Yes	Orocovis	No	No
Carolina	Yes	Yes	Patillas	Yes	No
Cataño	Yes	Yes	Peñuelas	Yes	No
Cayey	Yes	Yes	Ponce	Yes	Yes
Ceiba	Yes	No	Quebradillas	Yes	No
Ciales	Yes	Yes	Rincón	No	No
Cidra	Yes	No	Río Grande	Yes	Yes
Coamo	Yes	No	Río Piedras	Yes	Yes
Comerío	Yes	Yes	Sabana Grande	Yes	No
Corozal	Yes	No	Salinas	Yes	No
Culebra	Yes	No	San Germán	Yes	No
Dorado	Yes	No	San Juan	Yes	Yes
Fajardo	Yes	Yes	San Lorenzo	Yes	No
Guánica	Yes	No	San Sebastián	Yes	No
Guayama	Yes	No	Santa Isabel	Yes	Yes
Guayanilla	Yes	No	Toa Alta	Yes	No
Guaynabo	Yes	No	Toa Baja	Yes	Yes
Gurabo	Yes	Yes	Trujillo Alto	Yes	No
Hatillo	Yes	Yes	Utuado	Yes	Yes
Hormigueros	No	No	Vega Alta	Yes	No
Humacao	Yes	Yes	Vega Baja	Yes	Yes
Isabela	Yes	No	Vieques	Yes	No
Jayuya	Yes	No	Villalba	Yes	No
Juana Díaz	Yes	No	Yabucoa	Yes	Yes
Juncos	Yes	Yes	Yauco	Yes	Yes
Lajas	Yes	No

We should not lose sight of the fact that in many municipalities there are now hamlets that at first glance appear to be towns. All these housing units must be provided with an aqueduct and sewage system. Thus, the problem is much bigger than it seems at first glance. It should also be pointed out that most of these aqueducts lack purification plants; and as for the sewers, many drain poorly. In other words, the current aqueduct and sewage systems must be improved.

According to the budgets of the Department of the Interior, the aqueducts that need to be built require an expenditure of $130,000 and the repairs and extensions to the current ones would require an investment of $500,000. As for the sewage systems, the Department of the Interior calculates $2,400,000 to build those that are still missing and $220,000 for repairs and extensions of the existing ones.

We recommend that $630,000 be allocated for aqueduct works and $2,660,000 for sewage system works. In addition, it is necessary to allocate the sum of $2,000,000 to supply water to rural areas, since it is necessary that in some way the rural population cease to use the water of our streams and rivers—which, it should be noted, are highly contaminated in almost all cases—and they be provided with potable water, either from deep wells or through the construction of some other water supply system.

This calculated allocation for section “G” would ential the sum of $5,250,000 and we recommend that this amount be earmarked in some way. These works can be carried out over a period of ten years and therefore the annual expense would be $525,000.

Total “G,” $5,250,000.

"H" Engineering-Related Industries

There is a clear need to establish industries in Puerto Rico, since our Island with 3,435 square miles and a population of 1,543,913 inhabitants (1930 census), must have, in order to achieve stability, some way of life that guarantees the means for earning a living for all these inhabitants, who number approximately 450 per square mile. Industries should be called on to cooperate with agriculture to definitively resolve this problem.

Although it is true that we lack fuel such as anthracite, coal, lignite, peat, and crude oil, it is also true that hydroelectric power facilitates the development of energy, with which we are able to move even more powerful machinery.

In Puerto Rico there are raw materials for various industries.

Among the industries related to the construction field that have possibilities for development on the Island, we will mention the following:

Slate, kaolin, refractory material for ovens in sugar factories and others. Glass factories. A factory for bagasse products, such as celotex, paper, etc. Ceramic products, such as bricks, hollow wall blocks, roof tiles, drainage pipes, sewer pipes, floor and wall tiles, etc. Veneer masonry stones. Quicklime, hydrated lime, and derivatives of carbonate of lime, fillers and paint. Cast and wrought iron material. Artificial stones for decoration of facades, porches, balustrades, etc. Doors, windows, moldings, wooden capitals, etc. Factory for bags to be used in the packaging industrial and agricultural products. Refractory cements and mortars, etc.

On several occasions there have been attempts to set up a cement factory in Puerto Rico, but for one reason or another the idea has not materialized to date. There is excellent material for this on the Island, and therefore, we recommend that studies be carried out under the direction of the Government, not only for the installation of cement factories, but also for the installation of any industry that we have mentioned, or another that in the opinion of the Government it can be developed in Puerto Rico.

In order for the Government to provide its services to any entity that needs them in relation to the development of the industry, we recommend the creation of a Technical Board for Industrial Research, made up of qualified people and provided with everything needed to conduct research on the raw materials that are obtainable in the country, their location and quantity, etc., to be used in the development of industries.

This Board should be created to serve the public and at no cost to same.

For this we recommend that the sum of $25,000 per year be allocated.

Total “H,” $25,000 annually.

"I" Mineral Resources

The mineral resources of any given country are among the factors that can ensure the development of its industries. Among the minerals that we have in Puerto Rico is graphite, which is found in Arroyo, in Adjuntas, and in Utuado. The Arroyo deposits are found in limestone. Those of Adjuntas and Utuado in granite. It can also be found in syenite, a stone that abounds in the towns of Gurabo, Juncos, Las Piedras, and Humacao. There is a good market for graphite in the United States, which imports two-thirds of the crystalline graphite produced on the island of Ceylon.

Crystalline graphite is used primarily in the manufacture of retort furnaces for smelting bronze, brass, steel, and aluminum. Amorphous graphite is used especially in the preparation of the paints with which the surfaces of tubes and castings are plastered, and both are used in the manufacture of pencils, electrodes, lubricants, paints, and plasters for boilers, stoves, and metallic surfaces in general.

In Puerto Rico there are also gold sand deposits, especially in the jurisdictions of Naranjito, Corozal, La Plata, Luquillo, and Barranquitas.

Since the geology of the Antilles has not yet been sufficiently studied, it is very difficult to determine, based on the information we have, the importance of existing minerals on this Island. However, we are certain that [mineral deposits] exist due to the formation of our rocks, sands, and terrain in general.

A high-quality manganese oxide deposit for batteries is currently being exploited. Approximately 2,500 tons have been exported annually. It is expected to soon rise to 5,000 tons per year.

Marble can also be obtained in Puerto Rico.

We recommend that a full laboratory be set up to conduct the necessary mineral-deposit research. We also recommend that roads be built to the marble and manganese mines already existing, and that special attention be given to deposits of gold-bearing sand, silica, and manganese oxide.

In summary, it is recommended that the amount of $250,000 be assigned to be used in matters relating to our minerals.

Total “I,” $250,000.

General Summary

We have subdivided our main subject into ten parts, trying to be as concise as possible. For greater clarity, in the table below, you will see exactly each item and the sums that should be assigned in each case:

		Total Cost of Project	Years to Carry out Project	Annual Allocation
A.	Cadaster	5,000,000	2	2,500,000
B.	Construction of housing, schoolhouses and other buildings	22,625,000	10	2,262,500
C.	Improvements and development of ports	3,918,000	5	783,600
D.	Water resources and irrigation	25,180,000	10	2,518,000
E.	Surfaced municipal roads	49,000,000	10	4,900,000
F.	Insular roadways	12,333,694	10	1,233,369
G.	Aqueducts and sewage systems	5,250,000	5	1,050,000
H.	Engineering-related industries	25,000	For 5 consecutive years	25,000
I.	Mineral Resources	250,000	2	125,000

Summary

Annual allocations for projects slated for two years	$2,625,000
Annual allocations for projects slated for five years	$1,858,600
Annual allocations for projects slated for ten years	$10,913,869
Based on these calculations, an allocation should be made	$15,397,469
Each year for the first two years	$12,772,469
Each year for the subsequent three years	$10,913,869

We have taken into consideration only those areas, in our opinion, that are the most necessary for the rehabilitation of the Island, as far as these nine aspects are concerned, and therefore, we recommend that if it is possible to acquire greater allocations, it should be done, especially regarding the items “B” (Construction of Housing, Schoolhouses and other Buildings), “C” (Improvements and Development of Ports), “H” (Industries related to Engineering) and “I” (Mineral Resources).

The sums needed to carry out the works indicated in sections “A” through “I” of this Public Works Plan, will be obtained by self-liquidating loans from the Reconstruction Finance Corporation under the terms and conditions that are stipulated.

M. Public Welfare

Having given the necessary attention in Puerto Rico so as to channel and ensure the productive activities of the population that is able to work, this plan would be incomplete if we were to overlook our less fortunate fellow men, who, by losing the health needed for remunerated employment, also lack the necessary means to return to it. Providing the appropriate means to restore this lost health to those who can recover it and providing essential aid until the last moment to the unfortunate who are not in a position to heal, relieving their pain and suffering to the degree possible, is an unavoidable obligation of society, and this would not only have human value, which is of the highest order, but also economic value, which is judicious.

In keeping with this line of the thought, we hereby submit the following Organizational Plan for the Puerto Rico Municipal Welfare Service.

Organization of the Municipal Health and Welfare Service of Puerto Rico

Statement of Motives

Hardly any other problem can be raised that is of greater interest and that assumes greater importance for the country in general at the present time than the organization of municipal health and welfare.

And we have said organization, and not reorganization, because it is in our medical opinion that the current illusory service, from the point of view of the beneficial results for the health of the people, is a completely unscientific service. Given its antiquated and unsuccessful nature, it must be understood as a backward system harking back to past times, which, contrasted with the new organization, speaks eloquently about the progress of a new service, compared to what was the physician for the poor, the house call, the prescription at the patient’s door, distributing formulas of quinine and soda salt to everyone, archaic procedures in which the wounded cry out and demand to be replaced by a system of scientific organization of Municipal Health and Welfare based on hospital assistance in harmonious operation with an ambulance and dispensary service. This plan eliminates home care, which, with few exceptions, does not meet any practical need and only serves to deceive the patient, who may believe that he has adequate professional medical care, when in fact this is not the case. It is also a discredit the physician, who by not being able to offer and provide the patient with the care required by the principles of science, risks his prestige, sacrifices a large part of his name, and tortures his conscience, by providing an illusory form of assistance, instead of well-directed care, leading to the defense of life.

Having thus outlined the matter, it is our understanding that the issue of Municipal Health and Welfare is not resolved through a solution of the very serious and complex problem of economic scarcity of the municipalities, because even if the municipalities were to have a flourishing life, the issue of Municipal Health and Welfare, following the same course as today, would only improve in terms of physicians, interns and nurses collecting their salaries on time if the municipalities were not to attend to the needs of the pharmacies, and until such time as they could improve the provision of nourishment for the sick. However, this, in any event, would only resolve the problem of adequate assistance, since said problem cannot truly be solved except by fundamental change, eliminating, in a word, the improper and anti-scientific system of Municipal Health and Welfare that currently rests on the deceitful house call, in combination, in some municipalities, with seclusion in something that is called a hospital and that most of the time, except in first-class municipalities, and the occasional second-class hospital, are nothing else than nosocomial institutions for chronic cases, or what is even worse, asylums for the destitute and the helpless senescent.

Everything that is not a welfare plan based on hospitalization is not only unscientific, but what is more, it poses a danger for the community, since it is not conceivable that a physician can, at first glance, make a diagnosis for a patient, and treat him without having an appropriate place for an examination, as it is not the house, without having auxiliary personnel, without having the help of a radiology laboratory, and a nurse that are necessary elements to carry out a specific diagnosis, which later demands for the success of the treatment, the assistance of technical personnel who comply with and enforce the medical prescription, which is not followed most of the time, either by pampering the patient or by the informal intervention of the neighbor who, merely serving as a pretext for assistance, comes to care for the sick, or because of the superstition to which our people are quite often given over.

This determines that the treatment, imposed by the physician, suffers the most resounding of failures, due to the hostility of the environment, which would not occur in those hospitals where the physician sees his patient, questions him, draws up his clinical history, identifies the related problems, indicates the laboratory tests or X-rays needed to formulate a definitive diagnosis and establish a therapeutic plan, which is then conscientiously fulfilled, drawing up a record that illustrates the patient’s condition, and that then places him in a position to maintain or rectify the corresponding diagnosis and be able to make the appropriate therapeutic indications required by the course of the illness or condition.

We therefore proclaim that it is inexcusable that the leading men of this Island have not confronted this problem, having remained deaf to the clamor of the medical profession that since 1925 raised this issue in a brief submitted by the Medical Association of Puerto Rico to the Governor, the Honorable Legislature and the Honorable Mayors and Municipal Assemblies of Puerto Rico and in a statement of motives that was written by Drs. José Gómez Brioso, R.I.P., Víctor Gutiérrez Ortiz, Manuel Quevedo Báez, José María Santiago, and Leopoldo Figueroa.

And this is how this people has been deceived, and this is why they have seen illness and fatality expand, and given that we have not been able to lower mortality from 36,763, or 22.3 per 1,000, compared to that of the United States, which is around 12 per 1,000, that is to say half of ours, despite the allocation of $1,074,110 for health, which despite its well-directed intentions, struggles with the hostility of the environment of our population, which is that of a country undermined by diseases that are not well treated or are poorly treated, and where there are, according to the statistics of the Department of Health, 300,000 cases of malaria, endemic along the coast and in other places, determining that 60 percent of the population has the parasite in their blood, 80 percent of the rural population and 40 percent of the urban districts are affected by uncinariasis and its secondary anemia, and as for tuberculosis, 4,500 die annually, with a rate five times higher than that of the United States, and which thus places us before the world as a sick and contagious people.

The responsibility of those in the government is enormous, and until now they have chosen not to confront this problem. Our responsibility would be even more serious if we were not to confront it, even after it was raised by men of science, who appeared before the Economic Commission of the Legislature of Puerto Rico, and after learning about these problems, in addition to those of infant disease and mortality, due to the work titled “The Serious Problem of Infant Mortality” written by Dr. Leopoldo Figueroa. presented at the Pan American Congress of Mexico in 1931, and published by the Economic Commission of the Legislature, and from which we transcribe some of the date found on pages 38 et seq.

Infant Mortality
Year	Number of Stillbirths	Coefficient per 1,000
1930	5,080	85.3
1931	5,020	71.0
1932	4,762	68.9
1933	4,000	69.5

The infant mortality statistics from the Maternity Hospital under our direction, from the year 1931 to July 1934, have shown a number of 403 stillbirths out of a total of 4,908 births.

The birth-mortality figure and its coefficient per thousand expressed according to the total number of births are given in the following table.

San Juan Maternity HostpitalBirths, Deaths, and Infant Mortality Coefficient
Year	Births	Stillbirths	Coefficient per 1,000
1931-32	1,056	60	63.0
1932-33	1,912	182	95.0
1933-34	1,938	167	86.1

If we calculate the infant mortality rate per thousand in relation to children born alive in the Maternity Hospital in the triennium to which we have previously referred, we will obtain the following figures:

Coefficient per thousand,
stillbirths vs. live births

Año	Coefficient per 1,000
1931-32	69.9
1932-33	105.8
1933-34	94.3

If we devide the total amount of stillbirths by sex and by marital status, we have:

Stillbirths by sex and parent’s marital status
Year	Stillbirths	Male	Female	Legitimate	Illegitimate
1931-32	69	49	22	–	–
1932-33	182	107	75	107	75
1933-34	167	88	79	94	73

The determining pathological factors of mortality have been, to a greater degree of in terms of responsibility, premature births of an etiology that is sometimes luetic and other times produced by toxemia, with hereditary syphilis, maternal eclampsia, and premature detachment of the placenta having also played a very important role, as well as in some cases, other intercurrent morbid processes on the part of the mother.

Faced with these shocking figures of infant mortality and confronting ourselves with the statistics of stillbirths and abortions, we decided to seek a remedy for this social evil, which has been produced by the economic poverty of our people, which in turn is causing an intense degree of individual misery that predisposes our women to the engendering of a conception that readily results in an abortion, or becoming detached from the maternal womb before reaching full viability, having a premature birth, or giving birth to a malnourished being marked by emaciation and sentenced to death, in months, for his genetic illness or congenital weakness.

The dense population of our Island, with its 435 inhabitants per square mile, in an area of only 3,600 square miles, and each mile planted with food crops having to support 9,000 inhabitants, because only a quarter of the cultivatable area has been planted, which is being increased to a twentieth of the total area, according to agrarian statistics, are indisputable factors in insular poverty.

Thus, it is not surprising that Puerto Rico, compared to Mississippi, which is the poorest of the States of the Union, since the rural population predominates on our Island, has a per capita wealth of $230, or five times less than Mississippi, which has $1,242 per capita.

On the other hand, the low salaries of the workers, taken along with the 400,000 unemployed, are the source for the impoverished existence of our people, who often live on farms without electricity and without proper hygiene because even the water, which should be provided as a free service supplied by the state, is sold at exorbitant prices and is often impure most of the time. Taking this into account, along with a deficient and inappropriate diet that cannot offset the wear and tear to the body and thus leads to malnutrition and a predisposition to fall to the onslaught of tuberculosis, the mortality rates for which should concern us, or who succumb to uncinariasis and malaria, if the degeneration of the race, succumbing to the virus of syphilis, allows our population to live only to become a social burden of the state and a shameful stigma to our people.

Alongside this dual portrait of economic and the intrinsic and environmental misery of our compatriots, there is also the penury of the Island’s public treasury, the assets of which are valued at $306,000,000 dollars and having a debt, in its municipal branch, amounting to $17,636,730 and $27,865,000 in the island, that is, $45,511,103 in total.”

Faced with this panorama of misery and disease that prevail in plain sight, and given the high rates of morbidity and mortality, if we think that until now almost nothing has been done for Municipal Health and Welfare, we must be all the more earnest in facing these problems with greater enthusiasm in the interest of our sick and poorly cared-for people.

---

At the beginning of this report, we stated that a scientific solution to the health and welfare problem was completely alien to and independent of an economic solution provided by the municipalities. What is more, we maintained and now confirm that a satisfactory solution to the economic problem of the municipalities did not entail in itself the satisfactory solution to the problem of Municipal Health and Welfare, because in all aspects that might affect it the most, it would only result in making the service less deficient, and that it would not be satisfactory until the current deceitful organization of our people is fundamentally changed through the elimination of an illusory and anti-scientific form of health service.

The disastrous situation of our Municipal Government, from the standpoint of its public finances, may be resolved in several ways, among them, by not allowing the Insular Treasury to absorb many of the municipal revenue sources; consolidating the municipal debt and contracting a loan at a lower interest rate than the one that these municipalities have been paying separately; the Insular Government taking charge of certain services such as demographics, justices of the peace, health-service physicians; consolidating municipal services, in order to avoid a large mass of public employees and simply consolidating services between adjoining municipalities, with the ultimate aim of reducing expenses; and finally, by enforcing the collection of tax revenue, which has decreased from 80 to 68 percent. And with these formulas, it would be possible to find a remedy for the economic ills that unsettle municipal life thereby placing it in mortal danger. However, the problems of public health are of another nature that are not solely economic—they are also technical. These problems would not be solved by solely ensuring that the physicians are paid their salary monthly, and the pharmacists are provided with their medications; or that there be money to attend to the terrible service of the current Municipal Health and Welfare system. No, we must radically change the system under which we currently suffer, so that the unemployed can also receive the scientific benefits to which they are entitled as human beings.

Within the current system of Municipal Health and Welfare, there are five first-class municipalities on our Island with a population totaling 405,416 inhabitants, with allocations spent amounting to $477,776.60 during the year 1933-34 for medical services and the sum of which was used for hospitalization expenses. $199,357.40, for 736 beds at a rate of $271 per bed.

Among the second-class municipalities, which total 23, with a population of 536,326 inhabitants, the sum of $346,358.56 was spent on medical care for the poor and the amount of $102,846.87 on hospitalization, while the number of third-class municipalities rose to 48, with a population of 706,522 inhabitants. For these, expenditures on medical care totaled $163,126.44, of which the sum of $30,570.33 was allocated to hospitalization, which gives a per capita of $1.17, 64 cents, and 23 cents, respectively, for the first, second, and third category municipalities in terms of medical services, and a per capita of 49 cents, 19 cents and 4 cents respectively to attend to hospitalization in the first, second and third-class municipalities.

The combined expenditures for the municipalities of the first, second and third categories in Health and Welfare amounted to $1,007,261.80 in 1933-34, of which $435,000 was allocated for the salaries of physicians, nurses, and pharmacists; $164,000 for medicine; $330,000 for hospitalization, $75,200 for alms; while the remainder was allocated to the other services assigned to Municipal Welfare.

There are 23 third-class municipalities that do not have any means to care for patients through hospitalization services, however what is even more serious is that there are some municipalities whose hospitals remain closed due to a lack of funds for their upkeep, as is the case in Toa Alta, Toa Baja, Adjuntas, Jayuya, Comerío, and several others. And what is even more inconceivable is that we have three municipalities that do not even have physicians: Maricao, Naranjito, and Rincón. As if the inhabitants of those municipal areas, suffering the spurs of pain and being prey to the tentacles of illness, would not require, like all other Puerto Ricans, the care and attention of medical science.

This being the situation, we include separately in Exhibit Nos. 11 and 12 the sums that have been allocated by the first-class municipalities for health and welfare services in the year 1933-34, as well as the allocations made by the second and third category, with the understanding that Health and Welfare in the first category municipalities is relatively well attended, while in the second-class municipalities it is substandard, and in the third category it is an utter mockery of the principles of public welfare to even state that such systems comprise a form of Municipal Health and Welfare.

[p. 58]

We include in Table No. 2, the percentage that each municipality employs in Health and Welfare in relation to its total budget; as Exhibit No. 4, the amount that each municipality contributes to support the Insular Health; as Exhibits Nos. 11 and 11-A,[18] what the municipalities of the first, second and third class owe for Health and Welfare services and as Tables Nos. 3 and 4 the amount assigned by the municipalities of the first, second and third class for cover the assistance of Municipal Health and Welfare during the year 1933-34.

These exhibits are taken from the brochure on the Study of the Economic Status of the Municipalities of Puerto Rico presented by Mr. Juan Carreras, head of the Municipal Division of the Insular Treasury, to the Economic Commission of the Puerto Rico Legislature.

As a consequence of this caricature of Health and Welfare that we suffer from, our demographic statistics show a mortality rate of 22.3 X 1,000, that is, double that of the United States, while in 1930 in the main countries the coefficient per thousand of mortality was as follows:

United States	11.5
Australia	8.6
Austria	13.5
England	11.4
France	15.7
Germany	11.1
Italy	13.8
Japan	18.2
New Zealand	8.6
Scotland	13.3
Spain	17.3
Sweden	11.7

We attach a table containing the mortality rate per thousand and the number of deaths during the years 1931 through 1933, which is as follows:

Year	Deaths	Rate per thousand
1931	32,140	20.4
1932	35,610	22.3
1933	36,763	22.6

We also include, in Exhibit No. 7, the municipal mortality rate per thousand as well as the mortality and mortality rate per hundred thousand during the biennium 1932 and 1933, recorded according to cause of death and place of death. (See Exhibit Nos. 7 and 8 of the Department of Insular Health).

The Hospital Situation on the Island

According to the Journal of the American Medical Association, in its special edition of March 31, 1934, devoted to a study on hospitals in the United States and its territories, possessions and dependencies, we can ascertain that the capacity of the hospitals in the United States has doubled in twenty years, since in 1914 there were 532,481 beds and in 1933 there were 1,027,046 beds, of which 222,525 were due to public funds and 48,000 to private funds. Currently, there are 6,436 hospitals with a capacity of 1,027,046 beds and 52,464 cribs. Last year 7,037,982 people, or 1 out of 18, were hospitalized patients with an average stay of fourteen days and 709,276 children were born in hospitals or a third of the nation’s births.

The population of the United States is estimated at 125,693,000, with 1,027,046 beds for that population, while in Puerto Rico, with a population of 1,543,913 inhabitants, we only have 46 hospitals with a total of 3,500 beds, which are broken down as follows: 1,000 beds for mental patients, 400 beds for tuberculosis patients, 40 for lepers, 40 for the contagious and 100 beds in the Post Hospital, which gives a total of 1,580 which, reduced from the grand total of 3,500 beds, reduces the number of beds available for hospitalization to 1,920, which still decreases if we bear in mind that many of these beds are nominal in hospitals, because they lack budget items to attend to them or because these hospitals are closed, which is why, making a conservative calculation, we can reduce the number of beds to 1,544 and thus we would have an average of one bed per 1,000 inhabitants.

The city of San Juan, with 114,715 inhabitants, maintains a 330-bed hospital, which amounts to one bed for every 348 inhabitants, which confirms our previous assertion that Health and Welfare in the first-class municipalities is relatively well served, since the city of New York, which has 4,211,699 inhabitants maintains municipal hospitals with a total of 6,544 beds, that is, one bed for every 643 inhabitants; and Boston with 781,188 inhabitants has 2,013 beds, or one bed for every 388 inhabitants.

Hospitalization in San Juan, according to the last Annual Report of the Administrator of the Government of the Capital, is as follows: Children’s Hospital, 747 cases; Surgery Hospital, 1,095 cases; Medicine Hospital, 1,729 cases, and Maternity Hospital, 2,539 cases, giving a total of 6,110. The District Hospital treated 471 patients during the year, including 125 surgeries, 76 child cases, and 36 maternity cases. This hospital, according to the law, must cover a territory of around 741,000 inhabitants.

We thus have paraded before us a kaleidoscopic view of the Municipal Health and Welfare in its deceptive justification of home care, which is nothing less than a caricature of any Health and Welfare service. We have also taken a look at municipal hospitals, in the first-, second- and third-category municipalities and we have come to the conclusion, in accordance with the harsh verdict provided by the statistics, that our hospital services are relatively satisfactory in first-class municipalities, while with some exceptions they are bad in second-class municipalities and disastrous in those third-class municipalities that have made the effort to even provide this service, which is clearly impossible to be sustained, with only income from municipal sources.

Given this situation, we shall address the remedies to this evil, presenting an organization plan for the Health and Welfare service, which rests on the following principles:

1. Let the management of the Municipal Welfare in the five first-class municipalities be served using their own funds.
2. Insularization of the Welfare Service in the second- and third-class municipalities.
3. Municipal Health and Welfare Organization based on:
1. Hospitalization in district hospitals.
2. Ambulance service.
3. Dispensary service.
4. Emergency hospital service in each municipality.
5. Elimination of home care except in cases of essential emergency or precise technical indication.

Before we commence on the details relating to our plan, and facilitating the sources of income to support it, allow us to specify our position regarding the concept of public municipal health and welfare in relation to the indigent or needy. We do not pose the question from the point of view of Spencer’s philosophy, which sees in this service an altruistic act that leads to the well-being of others, either in the form of negative beneficence, for example when we restrict ourselves from something, or positive beneficence, when the act takes place for services that are made for the benefit of the beneficiary. This is not, for us, a matter of philanthropy, altruism, or charity, but rather it is our conviction that the State, through any of its government agencies, has the inescapable duty to care for the indigent.

If we were to reason with the pure solidarist economic school, we would have to say that municipal public charity cannot be charity, nor can it be a free gift, but rather a social debt of the conglomerate or the community toward the entity or indigent citizen.

If we want to discuss the question using socialist criteria, we see ourselves forced to go further, expressing that on the part of the one who receives the fruit of public charity, nothing is done other than obtaining partial restitution, of something that for another was previously acquired without right of ownership.

However, we do not discuss the issue from the standpoint of the charitable, that is, of those who see charity as a gratuitous gift; nor of the solidarists, invoking the payment of a social debt; nor of the socialists, who would view the matter as  partial restitution of something that had been previously acquired without the right of ownership; but, recognizing that within the theory of the social pact, each one divests himself of something, delegating it to the community and hence in the fiscal order, and that direct and indirect contributions are paid, and in the political order we have allowed the legal organization of society, as the State body, it, through its governing bodies, to be obliged to provide those services needed for the enjoyment of the citizen’s happiness, in accordance with the principles of Natural Law and Political Law.

It is for this reason that in all the advanced countries of the world, the law obliges the State and the municipalities to consign items to the budget to assist the indigent, with this service thus falling into one of the indisputable duties of the State.

Health and Welfare Organization Plan for Second- and Third-Class Municipalities

The Municipal Welfare system that we recommend rests upon the following principles:

One—The principle of Hospitalization of all indigent patients.

Two—The creation of an ambulance service for the immediate transfer of patients from home to hospital.

Three—The establishment of emergency hospitals, with a number of no less than twelve beds in each municipality.

Four— Replacement of the doctor’s home visit, by the consultation system at the dispensary.

One—General Hospitalization System

Seven district hospitals would be created, one in the central town of each senatorial district. Each of these district hospitals would have space for 200 beds, of which 60 would be set aside for surgery, 70 for medicine, 20 for children, and 50 for maternity care.

These hospitals must be attended by physicians, if possible specialized in the service assigned to them, and assisted by nurses and competent laboratory and X-ray personnel. Each district hospital will be equipped with a laboratory and X-ray department.

Two—Ambulance Service

Each of the seven district hospitals would be provided with a number of three ambulances for the immediate transfer of patients.

Three—Establishment of an Emergency Hospital in each Municipality

Each of the 23 municipalities that currently do not have hospitals, in addition to those that currently do, would have a number of no less than 12 emergency beds in which emergency cases would be treated before they are transferred to the district hospital, if this is deemed necessary.

Four—Consultations at the Dispensary

The archaic, misleading, and unscientific home visit system would be eliminated to the degree possible, reserving it exceptionally for the occasional case in which a home visit must be made due to special circumstances of a technical-medical nature.

Patients would have consultations provided at clinics, where they might be duly examined by a physician and appropriately treated when the corresponding diagnosis is made, or referred to the district hospital, if the existence of a pathological process or disease so requires it.

---

Through this health and welfare system, built on the foundations of hospitalization, seven district hospitals with 200 beds each, or 1,400 beds, would be established. In addition, no less than 12 emergency beds in each municipality would be provided, of which 71 second- and third-class municipalities would have 852 beds, which added to the 1,400 total 2,252 beds, without counting the hospitals that in these 71 towns have beds in excess of 12, and also not including the number of beds in first-class municipality hospitals, which would bring the number to 736 ([19]).

If we consider that the population of these 71 second- and third-class municipalities is 1,178,224, and that the number of beds for patients is 2,252, then we can understand that with this system all second- and third-class municipalities would be equally protected, having a ratio of one bed per 523 inhabitants ([20]).

If we calculate that three student nurses would cost no more than $30 a month, at a rate of $10 each, and two attendants, $40 at a rate of $20 each, a laundress $20, and a cook $20, we will have a sum of $110 a month, which would be the cost for staff members per emergency hospital unit in each municipality.

If we were to assume that the twelve emergency beds are occupied daily, which is almost impossible, we would have to provide support in the way of food at a rate of 20 cents per capita, together with the $110 that the hospital service costs, which would give us total of $155,064 or $150,000 in round numbers, annually, as the cost of sustaining emergency hospitals.

Now let us move on to a consideration of the maintenance and construction costs of the hospital units, as well as providing the sources of revenue to cover these services.

Health and Welfare Service—Organization and Maintenance Costs

District Hospitals

As we have indicated, the number of district hospitals would be seven, each one having 200 beds, or a total of 1,400 beds. The maintenance cost for each bed could be set at $300, so the 1,400 beds would cost a total of $420,000

Ambulance Service

Maintenance costs for the ambulance service (fuel, lubricants, etc.)	$25,000
21 ambulances – 2 drivers per ambulance – 42 drivers at a rate of $600 each	25,200
42 ambulance technicians, at $300 each	12,600
Total for ambulance service	$62,800

Dispensary Service

142 doctors for the local hospital emergency service and for clinic care at a rate of $175 monthly	$298,200
71 nurses for clinics and emergency hospitals emergency at $50 per month	42,600
71 nurse midwives at $50 per month	42,600
36 interns at $50 per month	21,600
30 dentists (part time) at $1,200 per year	36,000
Total Dispensary Service	$441,000

(A) SUMMARY OF MUNICIPAL HOSPITAL SERVICE MAINTENANCE COSTS

1.      Maintenance for seven district hospitals	$420,000
2.      Ambulance service	62, 800
3.      Dispensary service	441,000
4.      Dispensary medicine service	125,000
5.      Hospital emergency units	150,000
6.      Miscellaneous	1,200
Total	$1,200,000

The maintenance costs for hospital care in the seven district hospitals, added to the maintenance costs for the ambulance service and the emergency medical service, in addition to the local dispensary, nurses, midwives, dentists and practitioners would cost $1,200,000 annually.

Construction of District Hospitals and Emergency Hospital Unit–Costs

Construction costs are calculated at a rate of $250 per bed for each hospital. The seven district hospitals with 200 beds each (1,400 beds) would cost	$350,000
Equipment for the seven district hospitals, $25,000 each	175,000
Purchase of three ambulance units for each hospital (21 ambulances), $2,000 each	42,000
Miscellaneous	8,000
Total cost for district hospitals and ambulances	$575,000

Cost for Local Emergency Hospitals

One hospital with twelve beds at a rate of $250 per bed, $3,000, plus equipment $1,500 – would total $4,500 each, with 21 hospitals would bring a total cost of	$94,500
Repairs and equipment for the remaining 48 hospitals in second- and third-class municipalities at a rate of $1,500 each	72,000
Miscellaneous	8,500
Total cost for emergency hospitals	$175,000

(B) Total cost for seven district hospitals and 21 emergency hospitals with corresponding equipment and repairs for 48 hospitals $775,000[21]

General Summary

(A) Maintenance of hospital ambulance service and dispensary physicians, nurses, midwives, dentists, practitioners and dispensary medicines	$1,200,000
(B) Construction of seven district hospitals and 21 local emergency units, repairs and equipment for 48 hospitals	$ 775,000
Grand Total	$1,975,000

The amount of $1,975,000 is necessary for the scientific organization of a local health and welfare service based on seven district hospitals, a hospital emergency unit in each municipality, a dispensary and medicine service, in addition to the salaries for physicians, nurses, midwives, dentists and practitioners.

How can we obtain the funding to cover the allocation of $1,200,000 annually to maintain health and welfare hospital service in addition to the one-time allocation of $775,000 for the construction of the District and Local Hospital Units, equipment, and the repair of 46 hospitals? That is the question that we are now going to resolve, from the standpoint of obtaining funding based on aid from the Federal Government, and relying on our own efforts, that is, through the securing of insular funds.

Health and Welfare Organization Plan Based on Federal Funding

It is our recommendation that the sum of $2,500,000 be requested.

One —To attend to the construction of the seven district hospitals.

Two—The 23 Emergency Hospital Units.

Three — Repairs to all the hospitals in the various municipalities, including the first-class ones, of which the number of beds in some should be increased.

Four — Creation of two Island Maternity Hospitals, with 250 beds each, one located in the north of the island and the other in the south. These hospitals should be built in accordance with the needs of a maternity organization, based on rooms for pregnant women, physiological postpartum rooms, pathological postpartum rooms, infant rooms, antepartum room, normal delivery rooms and an atypical delivery operating room. In addition, the obstetric clinical service for consultations with pregnant women not only of a pathological nature but also indications of a eugenic nature, which would be given in the School of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and the Childcare Institute, which would operate under the auspices of the maternity hospital.

Five — An ambulance system at the exclusive service of Maternity Hospitals and Clinics.

Six — Personnel for the District Hospitals, Emergency Hospital Units and Maternity Units.

Seven — Funding for the services of the health and welfare hospital organization for one year.

Health and Welfare Organization Plan Based on Island Funding

Within this plan we would have to consider two aspects:

One—The maintenance of the organization of the hospitalization-based service that we previously mentioned cost $1,200,000.

Two—The construction of the District Hospitals, Emergency Units, as well as repair of existing ones, equipment for hospitals and acquisition of ambulances, amounting to $775,000.

Ways to Obtain Funding

Income Project “A”

1.    Lottery income	$300,000
2.Hospital tax1 cent per pound of wheat	400,000
3.    Six percent on Health tax to municipalities	120,000
4.    Municipality quota	400,000
Total	$1,200,000

Project “B”

1.    Lottery income	$300,000
2.    Inheritance fund	90,000
3.Hospital Tax5 percent on the estimate on cigars and cigarettes	220,000
4.    6 percent from the Health fund withheld to municipalities	120,000
5.    Municipality quota	400,000
Total	$1,130,000

Project “C”

1.    Lottery income	$300,000
2.    Four extraordinary lottery drawings in benefit of the Municipal Health and Welfare Service	200,000
3.    Six percent from the municipal Health fund	120,000
4.    Municipaly quota	400,000
5.    Inheritance fund	90,000
6.    Fund from fines	50,000
Total	$1,160,000

Project “D”

1.    Income from regular lottery drawings	$300,000
2.    Income from four extraordinary lottery drawings	200,000
3.Hospital taxof one cent per pound of imported flour	400,000
4.    Municipality quota	200,000
5.    6% health fund	120,000
Total	$1,220,000

According to previous calculations, and in keeping with the number of hospitals and the number of beds contained therein, as well as the repair of those hospitals that are in poor condition, and procurement (equipment, purchase of ambulances), the sum of $775,000 would be needed, which sum we can also provide based on internal island resources as follows:

If the municipalities were to allocate $400,000 to emergency hospital units, they would have $125,000 left over from their $525,000 allotments for health and welfare services. If this surplus is deposited in a fund, after eight years it will amount to $1,000,000, which will more than cover the $775,000 used in all the construction of the hospital service of our plan, as well as interest on the capital borrowed.

Thus, if the “D” income project is adopted, the municipalities will have savings of $325,000 annually, so the loan would be covered in excess after three years.

We therefore suggest, to attend to this allocation, a loan of $800,000 either from Banking Institutions, or in any loan agency of the Federal Government for a term of ten years and redeemable at any time after the eighth year.

Another solution that we also suggest is as follows: Since the tax to redeem the floating debt bonds will be in force until 1940, if that tax item were extended for only four more years, for purposes of Municipal Health and Welfare, it would also cover, in excess, the amount of $775,000, since the sum of this cash-based contribution is $275,000 for the year 1934-35, which for four years would generate revenues of $1,100,000, thus making disposable to the municipalities the amount of $125,000 for other services, which would be the balance from their current fund of $525,000 allocated for Municipal Public Welfare, depending on whether projects A, B and C were implemented, or $325,000 if project D were approved, which currently only takes $200,090 from the health and welfare fund assigned by the second- and third-class municipalities.

Another element that could greatly assist in reducing the cost of construction of hospital buildings is the following: By carrying out these works within the framework of the federal construction plan of the W.P.A., the cost of construction could be reduced by 50 percent and, consequently, the life of the loan and the extension of the tax covering the floating debt that we have previously recommended to request this debt could also be reduced by half.

We have, therefore, technically raised the problem of Municipal Welfare and we have resolved it within a scientific framework, according to the needs of the indigent population of the 71 second- and third-class municipalities, in which the Municipal Welfare is currently a farce that deceives the country in general.

We have solved the problem, without undermining the prerogatives of municipal autonomy, since the functioning of the system that we have explained can be carried out based on the establishment of an organism that would be referred to as the Central Health and Welfare Board, which would be made up of seven members, one for each district, designated by the Governor at the proposal of the majority of the mayors of each district and two ex officio members, also appointed by the Governor, who must be physicians with proven experience in the Municipal Welfare service. In addition, District Boards would be constituted, made up of a representative appointed by each municipality, who would direct, in accordance with the regulations to that effect, the Health and Welfare Service in their respective districts.

This plan is for a health and welfare federation in the second- and third-category municipalities, which would operate within a central body, the Central Health and Welfare Board, but which, at the same time, would respect municipalization, through the District Health and Welfare Boards, coordinating both operations for the benefit and in the interest of the indigent, and thereby saving, if project “D” were to be adopted, the second- and third-class municipalities, $325,000 annually, which would decisively assist them almost in exiting from the economic bankruptcy in which they find themselves, in addition to providing them with a scientific and proper Public Health and Welfare service needed for the defense of health and to eliminate the shameful disgrace that our lawmakers bear for not having solved the most vital problem that affects Puerto Rico: that of the health of its people.

Table No. 1Six-Percent Withholding for Insular HealthYear1934-1935
Adjuntas	$712.16
Aguada	1,075.40
Aguadilla	1,445.21
Aguas Buenas	342.33
Aibonito	757.66
Añasco	982.53
Arecibo	5,486.64
Arroyo	1,394.92
Barceloneta	1,492.60
Barranquitas	412.36
Bayamón	2,536.34
Cabo Rojo	1,608.73
Caguas	4,971.13
Camuy	871.77
Carolina	2,044.99
Cataño	754.52
Cayey	1,948.59
Ceiba	540.17
Ciales	680.14
Cidra	690.24
Coamo	1,117.21
Comerío	943.30
Corozal[22]	503.91
Dorado	919.34
Fajardo	2,329.82
Guánica	2,928.49
Guayama	3,866.28
Guayanilla	1,128.19
Guaynabo	862.02
Gurabo	907.33
Hatillo	924.85
Hormigueros	748.79
Humacao	3,355.99
Isabela	822.73
Jayuya	499.18
Juana Díaz	2,536.49
Juncos	1,546.50
Lajas	1,189.02
Lares	697.19
Las Marías	337.12
Las Piedras	768.66
Loíza	1,882.53
Luquillo	544.28
Manatí	2,229.13
Maricao	280.55
Maunabo	462.78
Mayagüez	5,403.31
Moca	407.25
Morovis	452.32
Naguabo	1,652.67
Naranjito	291.99
Orocovis	448.73
Patillas	856.04
Peñuelas	670.28
Ponce	11,164.33
Quebradillas	487.36
Rincón	331.02
Río Grande	1,106.92
Río Piedras	5,976.73
Sabana Grande	521.27
Salinas	3,998.58
San Germán	1,829.85
San Lorenzo	883.98
San Sebastián	824.08
Santa Isabel	2,626.01
Toa Alta	592.85
Toa Baja	1,515.23
Trujillo Alto	605.82
Utuado	1,290.00
Vega Alta	930.55
Vega Baja	1,290.47
Vieques	1,631.28
Villalba	348.11
Yabucoa	2,277.95
Yauco	1,456.68
Total	$117,581.78[23]

Table No. 2Percentage of Expenses for each Municipality in Health and Welfare Services
Municipality	Total from Budget	Allocated for Health and Welfare	Percent
First-Class
Arecibo	286,363.87	57,575.00	20.11
Caguas	202,379.49	46,336.56	22.90
Mayagüez	284,648.60	49,241.60	17.30
Ponce	668,259.54	104,923.00	15.70
San Juan	1,544,650.51	226,506.00	14.66
Second-Class
Aguadilla	93,381.30	15,160.60	16.24
Barceloneta	45,384.52	8,529.40	18.79
Bayamón	110,161.26	21,955.00	19.93
Carolina	59,188.63	10,790.00	18.23
Cayey	91,715.07	12,805.00	13.96
Fajardo	80,123.18	17,120.61	21.37
Guánica	52,425.65	8,622.00	16.45
Guayama	157,963.97	23,147.00	14.65
Humacao	97,818.67	22,091.30	22.58
Juana Díaz	67,522.29	11,636.50	17.23
Juncos	46,407.14	10,260.00	22.11
Loíza	48,386.53	8,537.00	17.64
Manatí	80,140.21	13,657.00	17.04
Naguabo	57,784.69	12,935.00	22.38[24]
Río Piedras	154,446.14	45,016.00	29.15
Salinas	103,071.42	19,564.00	18.98
San Germán	64,781.83	12,520.00	19.33
Santa Isabel	51,953.71	14,335.00	27.59
Utuado	53,132.93	7,532.00	14.17
Vega Baja	57,488.20	9,967.40	17.33
Vieques	39,611.71	9,200.00	23.28
Yabucoa	70,197.36	13,456.00	19.17
Yauco	61,500.00	12,641.00	20.55
Third-Class
Adjuntas	32,585.00	3,540.00	10.86
Aguada	30,179.76	4,078.00	13.51
Aguas Buenas	14,576.60	2,335.00	16.02
Aibonito	24,974.30	4,777.92	19.13
Añasco	42,295.87	5,852.00	13.84
Arroyo	54,253.65	8,370.00	15.43
Barranquitas	14,340.00	2,676.00	18.66
Cabo Rojo	44,444.23	7,493.00	16.63
Camuy	28,908.67	3,068.50	10.61
Cataño	34,481.76	4,156.93	12.06
Ceiba	21,200.10	2,479.32	11.69
Ciales	36,906.26	4,944.44	13.40
Cidra	24,584.77	3,411.00	13.87
Coamo	39,782.43	6,692.00	16.82
Comerío	30,762.40	4,865.00	15.81
Corozal[25]	18,073.96	3,120.00	17.26
Dorado	23,396.06	2,035.00	8.70
Guayanilla	33,034.74	5,004.54	15.15
Guaynabo	25,057.03	4,075.00	16.26
Gurabo	27,998.41	3,991.87	14.26
Hatillo	29,683.74	4,113.40	13.86
Hormigueros	16,542.79	4,691.20	28.36
Isabela	32,586.35	3,958.00	12.15
Jayuya	19,334.27	3,271.94	16.93
Lajas	32,490.37	5,390.00	16.59
Lares	34,190.00	8,175.00	23.91
Las Marías	16,349.39	1,067.00	6.52
Las Piedras	23,273.41	3,748.40	16.11
Luquillo	20,825.96	2,970.00	14.26
Maricao	16,126.36	561.92	3.48
Maunabo	17,850.08	3,811.00	21.35
Moca	15,212.42	2,385.36	15.68
Morovis	18,322.14	2,069.00	11.29
Naranjito	8,589.99	310.00	3.61
Orocovis	11,941.34	1,503.49	12.59
Patillas	28,430.76	4,913.32	17.28
Peñuelas	21,128.11	3,204.68	15.17
Quebradillas	15,561.46	1,995.00	12.82
Rincón	9,283.06	832.53	8.97
Río Grande	36,329.64	5,352.50	14.73
Sabana Grande	21,994.64	3,635.86	16.53
San Lorenzo	33,387.76	5,480.00	16.41
San Sebastián	44,853.97	5,260.00	11.73
Toa Alta	18,516.28	3,250.00	17.55
Toa Baja	42,934.05	5,345.00	12.49
Trujillo Alto	17,422.99	3,321.00	19.06
Vega Alta	27,122.58	4,210.00	15.52
Villalba	14,058.86	1,995.00	14.19
Total	$5,977,87.10	$1,809,840.09	16.81

Table No. 3Overview of the Sums Allocated by First-Class Municipalities and the Capital Government to Cover Municipal Health and Welfare Expenses for the Fiscal Year 1933-34
Municipality	Fiscal Year 1933-34				Percent
	Health	Welfare	Total	Total Revenues Ordinary Funds
Arecibo	14,550.47	58,285.00	72,835.47	194,273.91	37.49
Caguas	12,582.73	44,994.46	57,577.19	121,972.61	47.21
Mayagüez	19,170.00	49,241.60	68,411.60	183,012.44	37.38
Ponce	39,531.64	110,608.78	150,140.42	400,088.03	37.53
San Juan	102,040.00	225,206.00	327,246.00	661,136.32	49.50
Total	187,874.84	488,335.84	676,210.68	1,560,483.31	–

TABLE No. 4

Overview of the Sums Allocated by Second- and Third-Class Municipalities to Cover Municipal Health and Welfare Expenses for the Fiscal Year 1933-34

Table No. 4Overview of the Sums Allocated by Second- and Third-Class Municipalities to Cover Municipal Health and Welfare Expenses for the Fiscal Year 1933-34
Municipality	Fiscal Year 1933-34				Percent
	Health	Welfare	Total	Total Revenues Ordinary Funds
Adjuntas	$1,449.84	$3,772.64	$5,222.48	$20,757.09	25.16
Aguada	2,717.75	4,766.33	7,484.08	15,782.12	47.42
Aguadilla	5,037.26	15,150.80	20,188.06	49,776.41	40.56
Aguas Buenas	703.38	2,335.00	3,038.38	9,858.99	30.82
Aibonito	1,566.30	4,454.00	6,020.30	16,406.61	36.69
Añasco	2,044.40	5,279.00	7,323.40	23,609.83	31.02
Arroyo	2,958.20	8,380.00	11,338.20	23,757.45	47.72
Barceloneta	2,311.38	8,954.40	11,265.78	24,666.16	45.67
Barranquitas	918.25	2,611.00	3,529.25	8,122.65	43.45
Bayamón	8,944.62	22,240.00	31,184.62	57,778.40	53.97
Cabo Rojo	3,225.00	6,689.06	9,914.06	26,053.25	38.05
Camuy	1,836.43	4,468.50	6,304.93	14,318.38	44.03[26]
Carolina	4,503.09	11,099.57	15,602.66	30,563.58	51.05
Cataño	2,037.50	4,156.93	6,194.43	17,938.40	34.53
Cayey	6,931.44	14,605.00	21,536.44	63,582.50	33.87
Ceiba	1,139.43	2,469.32	3,608.75	8,908.03	40.51
Ciales	1,457.32	4,944.44	6,401.76	20,830.70	30.73
Cidra	1,465.84	2,926.00	4,391.84	13,336.51	32.93
Coamo	2,469.12	6,692.00	9,161.12	23,132.70	39.60
Comerío	2,180.89	4,865.00	7,045.89	14,463.34	48.72
Corozal[27]	1,268.98	3,310.00	4,578.98	13,028.35	35.15
Dorado	1,826.12	2,035.00	3,861.12	12,326.65	31.32
Fajardo	5,661.87	17,120.61	22,782.48	47,354.29	48.11
Guánica	4,761.58	8,597.00	13,358.58	36,782.75	36.32
Guayama	8,887.52	23,147.00	32,034.52	85,898.98	37.29
Guayanilla	2,312.32	5,029.54	7,341.86	17,780.74	41.29
Guaynabo	1,842.74	4,555.00	6,397.74	13,313.08	48.06
Gurabo	1,890.52	3,991.87	5,882.39	15,307.49	38.43
Hatillo	1,942.02	4,113.40	6,055.42	15,064.68	40.20
Hormigueros	1,431.50	4,691.20	6,122.70	9,805.13	62.44
Humacao	9,174.30	22,091.30	31,265.60	63,000.85	49.63
Isabela	1,713.34	3,958.00	5,671.34	21,834.67	25.97
Jayuya	1,510.59	2,771.94	4,282.53	16,167.63	26.49
Juana Díaz	5,058.32	11,636.50	16,694.82	37,905.82	44.04
Juncos	2,948.02	10,250.00	13,198.02	29,055.69	45.42
Lajas	2,337.26	5,390.00	7,727.26	16,800.39	45.99
Lares	2,147.51	6,989.00	9,136.51	29,910.30	30.55
Las Marías	673.40	1,017.00	1,690.40	9,787.81	17.27
Las Piedras	1,583.10	3,748.40	5,331.50	11,371.25	46.89
Loíza	3,550.02	8,032.00	11,582.02	27,842.45	41.60
Luquillo	1,307.87	2,970.00	4,277.87	10,856.40	39.40
Manatí	6,064.54	13,657.00	19,721.54	43,385.00	45.46
Maricao	571.08	625.00	1,196.08	11,806.85	10.13
Maunabo	939.46	3,811.00	4,750.46	8,639.67	54.98
Moca	809.16	2,220.36	3,029.52	8,388.84	36.11
Morovis	1,194.65	2,220.00	3,414.65	11,536.47	29.60[28]
Naguabo	4,099.41	12,510.00	16,609.41	31,180.46	53.27
Naranjito	722.92	310.00	1,032.92	4,919.55	21.00
Orocovis	920.84	1,492.60	2,413.44	7,801.18	30.94
Patillas	1,607.59	5,558.32	7,165.91	17,173.13	41.73
Peñuelas	1,416.58	3,654.28	5,070.86	11,534.35	43.96
Quebradillas	1,005.78	1,865.00	2,870.78	9,167.11	31.32
Rincón	631.96	832.53	1,464.49	4,801.04	30.50
Río Grande	2,148.59	5,834.36	7,982.95	19,838.06	40.24
Río Piedras	16,039.19	45,115.04	61,154.23	115,751.92	52.83
Sabana Grande	1,544.37	3,635.86	5,180.23	13,405.14	38.64
Salinas	9,012.40	23,089.90	32,101.40[29]	56,761.98	56.55
San Germán	4,117.01	12,600.00	16,717.01	41,454.64	40.33
San Lorenzo	1,957.62	5,480.00	7,437.62	17,800.71	41.78
San Sebastián	1,661.26	5,190.86	6,852.12	22,515.97	30.43
Santa Isabel	5,499.88	14,788.11	20,287.99	36,256.65	55.96
Toa Alta	1,440.62	3,250.00	4,690.62	9,939.28	47.19
Toa Baja	3,176.06	6,975.28	10,151.34	19,918.31	50.96
Trujillo Alto	1,244.22	3,371.00	4,615.22	9,070.56	50.88
Utuado	3,010.24	7,532.00	10,542.24	36,796.34	28.65
Vega Alta	1,627.07	4,210.00	5,837.07	13,383.39	43.61
Vega Baja	4,228.72	9,967.40	14,196.12	30,792.45	46.10
Vieques	3,296.32	8,905.18	12,201.50	24,174.45	50.47
Villalba	794.44	1,942.00	2,736.44	7,017.15	39.00
Yabucoa	4,805.66	15,651.00	20,456.66	38,866.95	52.63
Yauco	3,696.21	12,641.00	16,337.21	39,989.61	40.85
Totales[30]	$209,010.19	$535,238.83	$744,248.12	$1,748,905.71

Table No. 5Public and Private Hospitals and Private Clinics andRespective Technical Personnel
Municipality	Municipal Hospital	Physicians	Nurses	Private Hospitals	Physicians	Nurses	Private Clinics	Physicians	Nurses
Adjuntas	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aguada	1	1	1
Aguadilla	1	1	1
Aguas Buenas	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aguirre	0	0	0	1	1	2
Aibonito	1	1	1
Añasco	1	1	0
Arecibo	1	2	5				1	2	2
Arroyo	1	1	1
Barceloneta	1	2	1
Barranquitas	1	1	1
Bayamón	1	1	1	1	2	1
Cabo Rojo
Caguas	1	3	3				2	3	0
Camuy	1	1	0
Canóvanas	1	2	1
Carolina	1	1	1				1	2
Cataño	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayey	1	1	0				2	2	2
Ceiba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ciales	1	1	0
Cidra	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coamo	1	1	1
Comerío	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corozal	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Culebra	1	1	0
Dorado	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fajardo	1	2	1	1	1	3
Guánica	1	2	1	2	2	1
Guayama	1	3	2
Guayanilla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guaynabo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gurabo	1	1	1
Hatillo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hormigueros	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Humacao	1	2	1	1	3	9	1	3
Isabela	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jayuya	1	1	1
Juana Díaz	1	1	1
Juncos	0	0	0
Lajas	1	1	0
Lares	1	1	1				1	1	0
Las Marías	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Las Piedras	1	1	1
Loíza	0	0	0
Luquillo	1	1	1
Manatí	1	2	0
Maricao	0	0	0
Maunabo	1	1	1
Mayagüez	1	4	3	1	1	2	2	4
Moca	0	0	0
Morovis
Naguabo	1	1	1
Naranjito	0	0	0
Orocovis	0	0	0
Patillas	1	1	0
Peñuelas	0	0	0
Ponce	1	12	12	2	18	11	1	9	11
Quebradillas	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rincón	0	0	0
Río Grande	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Río Piedras	1	5	3	1	11	2	3	8	15
Sabana Grande	1	1	0
Salinas	1	1	1
San Germán	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0
San Juan	1	22	24	1	7	11	10	35	26
San Lorenzo	1	1	1
San Sebastián	1	1	0
Santa Isabel	1	1	0
Toa Alta	1	1	0
Toa Baja	1	1	0
Trujillo Alto	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Utuado	1		1	0	0	0	1	1	1
Vega Alta	1	1	0
Vega Baja	1	1	0
Vieques
Villalba	1	1	1
Yabucoa	1	2	1
Yauco	1	2	1	0	0	0	2	2	1
Total	50	101	79	12	47	43	27	72	58

TABLE No. 6

Table No. 6Names of Hospitals and Clinics
Municipality	Hospitals	Clinics
Adjuntas
Aguada	Municipal
Aguadilla	Municipal	Igartúa-Cardona
Aguas Buenas
Aguirre		Central Aguirre
Aibonito	Municipal
Añasco	Municipal
Arecibo	MunicipalDr. Manuel Figueroa	Dr. Susoni
Arroyo	Municipal
Barceloneta	Municipal
Barranquitas	Municipal
Bayamón[31]	MunicipalSan Alberto
Caguas	MunicipalTuberculosis	San JoséSan Rafael
Camuy	Municipal
Canóvanas	Municipal
Carolina	Municipal	San Fernando
Cataño
Cayey[32]	Municipal	Dr. GonzálezDr. Font
Ceiba
Ciales	Municipal
Cidra
Coamo	Municipal
Comerío
Corozal	Municipal
Culebra	1 (no patients)
Dorado
Fajardo	MunicipalCoombs (private)
Guánica	MunicipalAmericano (private)Puertorriqueño (private)
Guayama	Municipal
Guayanilla
Guaynabo
Gurabo	Municipal
Hatillo
Hormigueros	1
Humacao	MunicipalRyder Memorial (private)	Oriente
Isabela
Jayuya	Municipal
Juana Díaz	Municipal
Juncos
Lajas	Municipal
Lares	Municipal	Dr. Sein
Las Marías
Las Piedras	Municipal
Loíza
Luquillo	Municipal
Manatí	Municipal
Maricao
Maunabo	Municipal
Mayagüez	Municipal	Dr. PereaSt. MaryEspañola
Moca
Morovis
Naguabo	Municipal
Naranjito
Orocovis
Patillas	Municipal
Peñuelas
Ponce
Quebradillas
Rincón
Río Grande
Río Piedras	MunicipalAuxilio Mutuo	Fernández GarcíaPereira LealJuliá
Sabana Grande	Municipal
Salinas	Municipal
San Germán	De La Concepción (private)
San Juan	MunicipalPresbyterian (private)	BiascocheaMimiyaDr. ViláSifreGarcía CabreraMedical CenterSanturceSan IldefonsoVillanueva
San Lorenzo	Municipal
San Sebastián	Municipal
Santa Isabel	Municipal
Toa Alta	Municipal
Toa Baja	Municipal
Trujillo Alto	Municipal
Utuado	Municipal	Sn Miguel
Vega Alta	Municipal
Vega Baja	Municipal
Vieques
Villalba	Municipal
Yabucoa	Municipal
Yauco	Municipal	Dr. RigauAmparo

Table No. 7Deaths and Death Rates per 100,000 Inhabitants in Puerto Rico During the Years 1933, 1932, and 1931
Municipality	1933	1932	1931	1933	1932	1931
Puerto Rico	36,763	35,610	32,146[33]	22.6	22.3	20.4
Adjuntas	376	290	301	20.8	16.0	16.6
Aguada	389	332	390	25.6	22.1	26.2
Aguadilla	768	680	608	25.9	23.3	21.1
Aguas Buenas	262	207	217	19.3	15.5	16.5
Aibonito	281	247	247	16.2	14.5	14.8
Añasco	438	406	399	30.4	28.2	27.8
Arecibo	1,602	1,473	1,276	26.8	25.1	22.1
Arroyo	207	201	224	24.2	23.8	26.9
Barceloneta	451	492	322	27.4	30.3	20.1
Barranquitas	217	217	179	13.6	13.9	11.7
Bayamón	758	826	549	24.1	26.8	18.1
Cabo Rojo	518	470	486	21.4	19.5	20.3
Caguas	1,213	1,226	1,149	23.6	24.4	23.4
Camuy	350	402	275	20.9	24.3	16.8
Carolina	329	363	285	16.6	18.7	14.9
Cataño	141	175	158	15.9	20.0	18.3
Cayey	680	648	661	22.3	21.6	22.5
Ceiba	189	170	132	24.5	22.4	17.7
Ciales	387	314	333	18.9	15.3	16.2
Cidra	366	330	294	17.2	15.9	14.5
Coamo	376	325	302	20.6	17.8	16.6
Comerío	293	328	313	16.9	19.1	18.4
Corozal	242	227	215	14.1	13.4	12.9
Culebra	20	5	7	23.5	5.9	8.3
Dorado	113	145	119	13.9	18.2	15.3
Fajardo	568	479	379	33.5	28.6	22.9
Guánica	205	200	183	19.8	19.4	17.8
Guayama	803	697	664	32.1	28.3	27.5
Guayanilla	268	221	240	19.9	16.6	18.1
Guaynabo	247	259	214	17.2	18.4	15.5
Gurabo	280	322	295	17.7	20.7	19.2
Hatillo	360	370	260	21.3	22.2	15.8
Hormigueros	142	127	149	28.6	25.7	30.4
Humacao	740	708	615	27.3	26.6	23.6
Isabela	529	495	442	21.9	20.8	18.8
Jayuya	249	233	230	20.4	19.1	19.5
Juana Díaz	417	439	387	21.0	22.2	20.8
Juncos	555	552	468	29.5	30.0	26.0
Lajas	257	227	215	20.3	18.0	17.2
Lares	695	599	551	24.8	21.5	20.0
Las Marías	149	144	137	16.8	16.2	15.4
Las Piedras	329	311	254	24.1	23.2	19.3
Loíza	393	471	354	19.9	24.3	18.5
Luquillo	229	177	148	27.6	21.7	18.5
Manatí	648	639	545	24.6	24.7	21.4
Maricao	140	138	110	21.6	21.4	17.0
Maunabo	193	237	190	20.5	25.4	20.6
Mayagüez	1,596	1,542	1,574	25.1	24.9	26.1
Moca	459	342	360	26.2	19.7	20.9
Morovis	261	280	307	14.3	15.6	17.4
Naguabo	540	445	408	28.4	23.7	22.0
Naranjito	171	205	166	14.2	17.2	14.1
Orocovis	258	265	197	15.9	16.4	12.2
Patillas	350	392	313	24.7	27.6	21.1
Peñuelas	246	243	223	18.5	18.3	15.8
Ponce	2,440	2,443	2,428	26.3	26.8	27.1
Quebradillas	283	275	225	27.1	26.5	21.9
Rincón	171	144	181	20.9	17.6	22.1
Río Grande	324	366	273	22.6	25.6	19.2
Río Piedras	1,260	1,133	1,021	27.1	25.3	23.7
Sabana Grande	286	275	233	24.1	23.1	19.6
Salinas	453	449	430	27.9	28.1	27.3
San Germán	550	578	583	23.1	24.3	24.5
San Juan	2,427	2,451	2,282	18.9	19.7	19.0
San Lorenzo	570	525	461	22.6	21.3	19.1
San Sebastián	626	589	473	23.3	22.2	18.1
Santa Isabel	309	284	285	32.8	30.7	31.4
Toa Alta	222	210	178	18.4	17.6	15.0
Toa Baja	159	196	148	14.8	18.7	14.5
Trujillo Alto	159	157	155	15.5	15.6	15.8
Utuado	894	755	681	23.4	19.9	18.1
Vega Alta	220	230	185	16.8	17.9	14.7
Vega Baja	488	515	454	22.3	24.0	21.6
Vieques	204	195	171	19.3	18.4	16.2
Villalba	287	277	253	24.2	23.4	21.4
Yabucoa	545	553	509	24.1	24.7	22.9
Yauco	643	752	510	22.6	26.6	18.2

 

Bureau of Vital StatisticsTable No. XIIDeaths and death rates per 100,000 population during the years 1933 and 1932, by causes and residence
Int. List No.	Causes of Death	1933						1932
		Total		Urban		Rural		Total		Urban		Rural
		Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate	Deaths	Rate
	All Causes	36,763	22.6[34]	12,853	24.032	23,910	21.932	35,610	22.332	12,506	24.032	23,104	23.432
	I. Infectious and Parasitic Diseases	12,043	741.7	4,358	814.0	7,687	704.0	10,308	644.5	.3,788	727.1	8,518	603.3
1-2	Typhoid and paratyphoid fever.	94	5.8	71	13.3	23	2.1	84	5.2	43	8.3	41	3.8
7	Measles	215	13.2	64	12.0	151	13.8	51	3.2	19	3.6	32	3.0
8	Scarlet fever	1	0.1	1	0.2
9	Whoopin3 cough	159	9.8	32	6.0	.127	11.6	131	8.2	35	6.7	96	8.9
10	Diphtheria	74	4.6	89	7.3	35	3.2	47	2.9	23	4.4	24	2.2
11	Influenza (all forms)	292	18.0	85	15.9	207	19.0	449	28.1	110	21.1	339	31.4
13	Dysentery	369	22.7	66	12.3	303	27.7	138	8.6	42	8.1	96	8.9
15	Erysipelas	16	1.0	6	1.1	10	0.9	20	1.2	3	0.6	17	1.6
16	Acute poliomyelitis	1	0.1			1	.09	3	0.2	1	0.2	2	0.2
20	Anthrax	4	0.2	2	0.4	2	0.2
22	Tetanus	290	17.9	83	15.5	207	19.0	447	28.0	108	20.7	339	31.4
23	Pulmonary tuberculosis	5,186	319.4	2,324	434.3	2,882	262.1	4,528	283.2	2,124	407.7	2,404	222.5
24-32	All other forms of tuberculosis	290	17.9	148	27.6	142	13.0	227	14.2	119	22.8	108	10.0
23-32	Tuberculosis (all forms)	5,476	337.2	2,472	462.0	3,004	275.1	4,755	297.3	2,243	430.4	2,513	232.6
33	Leprosy	5	0.3			6	0.4	8	0.5	2	0.4	6	0.5
34	Syphilis	539	33.2	281	52.5	258	23.6	414	25.9	181	34.7	233	21.6
35	Gonococcus infection	11	0.7	7	1.3	4	0.4	3	0.2	1	0.2	2	0.2
38	Purulent infection, septicemia	109	6.7	44	8.2	65	6.0	237	14.8	100	19.2	137	12.7
38	Malaria	3,259	200.7	921.	172.1	2,338	214.1	2,797	174.9	749	143.8	2,048	189.6
39	Other diseases due to protozoal parasites	1	0.1	1	0.2
40	Uncinariasis	770	47.4	78	14.6	692	63.4	475	29.7	38	7.3	437	40.4
42	Other diseases caused by helminths	188	11.6	38	7.1	150	13.7	137	8.6	29	5.6	108	10.0
43	Mycoses	161	9.9	64	12.0	97	8.9	109	6.8	60	11.5	49	4.5
44	Other infectious and parasitic diseases	9	0.6	1	0.2	8	0.7	1	0.1	1	0.2
	II. Cancer and other Tumors	771	47.5	378	70.6	393	36.0	747	48.7	396	76.0	351	32.5
45-53	Cancer and other malignant tumors	746	45.9	363	67.8	383	35.1	724	45.3	382	73.3	342	31.7
14-55	Nonmalignant tumors	25	2.5	15	2.8	10	0.9	23	1.4	14	2.7	9	0.8
	III. Rheumatic Diseases, Nutritional Diseases, etc.	127	7.8	67	12.5	80	5.5	113	7.1	63	12.1	50	4.6
56	Acute rheumatic fever	33	2.0	12	2.2	21	1.9	31	1.9	13	2.5	18	1.7
57	Chronic rheumatism	8	0.5	5	0.9	3	0.3	6	0.4	4	0.8	2	0.2
59	Diabetes mellitus	53	3.3	35	6.5	18	1.6	44	2.8	28	5.4	16	1.5
60	Scurvy	1	0.1	1		0.2		1		0.1		1	0.1
61	Beriberi	1		0.1		1	0.09	2		0.1		2	0.2
62	Pellagra	15	0.9	6	1.1.	9	0.8	8	0.6	2	0.4	6	0.5
65-68	Diseases of the glands	12	0.7	6	1.1	6	0.5	16	1.0	12	2.3	4	0.4
69	Other general diseases	4	0.2	2	0.4	2	0.2	5	0.3	4	0.8	1	0.1
	IV. Diseases of the Blood and Blood‑Making Organs	314	19.3	139	26.0	175	16.0	254	15.9	87	16.7	167	15.4
70	Hemorrhagic conditions	23	1.4	11	2.0	12	1.1	26	1.6	9	1.7	17	1.6
71	Anemia	266	16.4	113	21.1	153	14.0	211	13.2	69	13.2	142	13.0
72	Leukemias and pseudoleukemias	15	0.9	8	1.5	7	0.6	8	0.5	7	1.3	1	0.1
73	Diseases of the spleen	10	0.6	7	1.3	3	0.3	9	0.6	2	0.4	7	0.6
	V. Chronic Poisonings and Intoxications	26	1.6	19	3.6	7	0.6	26	1.6	19	3.6	7	0.6
75	Alcoholism (acute and chronic)	26	1.6	19	3.6	7	0.6	25	1.6	18	3.4	7	0.6
76-77	Chronic poisonings, etc.							1	0.1	1		0.2
	VI. Diseases of the Nervous System	638	39.3	299	55.9	339	31.0	800	50.0	376	72.2	424	39.2
78	Encephalitis (nonepidemic)	15	0.9	9	1.7	6	0.5	20	1.2	17	3.3	3	0.3
79	Meningitis	80	4.9	36	6.7	44	4.0	171	10.7	92	17.7	79	7.3
80-81	Progressive locomotor ataxia (tabes dorsalis) and other diseases of the spinal cord	17	1.1	5	0.9	12	1.1	15	0.9	2	0.4	13	1.2
82	Cerebral hemorrhage, embolism, and thrombosis	356	21.9	184	34.4	172	15.8	429	26.8	211	40.5	218	20.2
83	General paralysis of the insane	9	0.8	2	0.4	7	0.6	13	0.8	1	0.2	12	1.1
84	Demencia praecox, and other psychoses	21	13	14	2.6	7	0.6	29	1.8	12	2.3	17	1.6
85	Epilepsy	75	4.6	23	4.3	52	4.8	59	3.7	15	2.9	44	4.1
86	Convulsions (under 5 years of	9	0.6	1	0.2	8	0.7	19	1.2	8	1.5	11	1.0
87	Other diseases of the nervous system	27	1.7	6	1.1	21	1.9	24	1.5	10	1.9	14	1.3
89	Diseases of the ear	29	1.8	19	3.6	10	0.9	21	1.3	8	1.5	13	1.2
	VII. Diseases of the Circulatory System	2,456	151.2	1,009	188.6	1,447	132.5	2,238	140.0	978	187.7	1,260	116.6
90	Pericarditis	5	0.3	4	0.7	1	0.09	5	0.3	3	0.6	2	0.2
91	Acute endocarditis	52	3.2	23	4.3	29	2.6	60	3.8	31	5.9	29	2.7
92	Chronic endocarditis, valvular diseases	563	34.7	227	42.4	336	30.8	358	22.4	142	27.3	216	20.0
93	Diseases of the myocardium	859	52.9	337	63.0	522	47.8	478	29.9	203	39.0	275	25.5
94	Diseases of the coronary arteries, etc.	138	8.5	66	12.3	72	6.6	117	7.3	62	11.9	55	5.1
95	Other diseases of the heart	270	16.6	136	25.4	134	12.3	696	43.5	332	63.7	364	33.7
90-95	Diseases of the heart	1,887	116.2	793	48.2	1,094	100.2	1,714	107.2	773	148.3	941	87.1
96	Aneurysm (except of the heart)	18	1.1	14	2.6	4	0.4	12	0.8	6	1.1	6	0.5
97	Arteriosclerosis	438	27.0	146	27.3	292	26.7	386	24.1	133	25.5	253	23.4
98	Gangrene	66	4.1	35	6.5	31	2.8	83	5.2	35	6.7	48	4.4
99	Other diseases of the arteries	33	2.0	15	2.8	18	1.6	27	1.7	20	3.8	7	p.6
100	Diseases of the veins	3	0.2	1	0.2	2	0.2	2	0.1	2		0.4
101	Diseases of the lymphatic system	6	0.4	3	0.6	3	0.3	5	0.3	2	0.4	3	0.3
102	Idiopathic anomalies of the blood pressure	2		0.1		2	0.2	3	0.2	2	0.4	1	0.1
103	Other diseases of the circulatory system	3	0.2	2	0.4	1	0.9	6	0.4	5	0.9	1	0.1
	VIII. Diseases of the Respiratory System	4,118	253.6	1,274	238.1	2,844	260.4	4,889	305.7	1,558	299.1	3,331	308.3
104	Diseases of the nasal fossae and annexae	4	0.2	1	0.2	3	0.3	2	0.1	0.2	1	1	0.1
105	Diseases of the larynx	6	0.4	2	0:4	4	0.4	7	0.4	4	0.8	3	0.3
106	Bronchitis	918	56.5	210	39.2	708	64.8	952	59.5	247	47.4	705	65.3
107	Bronchopneumonia (including capillary bronchitis)	1,951	120.1	637	119.0	1,314	120.3	2,429	151.9	758	145.5	1,671	154.7
108	Lobar pneumonia	927	57.1	299	55.9	628	57.5	555	34.7	210	40.3	345	31.9
109	Pneumonia, unspecified	171	10.5	69	12.9	102	9.3	734	45.9	245	47.0	489	45.3
110	Pleurisy	24	1.5	14	2.6	10	0.9	33	2.1	13	2.5	20	1.9
111	Congestion, edema, embolism, etc., of lungs	42	2.6	20	3.7	22	2.0	96	6.0	43	8.3	53	4.9
112	Asthma	59	3.6	13	2.4	46	4.2	63	3.9	24	4.6	39	3.6
113	Pulmonary emphysema	3	0.2	2	0.4	1	0.09	3	0.2	1	0.2	2	0.2
114	Other diseases of the respiratory system, (tuberculosis excepted)	13	0.8	7	1.3	6	0.5	15	0.9	12	2.3	3	0.3
	IX. Diseases of the Digestive System	8,374	515.7	2,713	507.0	5,661	518.4	7,423	464.2	2,512	482.2	4,911	454.6
115	Diseases of the buccal cavity, pharynx, etc.	56	3.5	20	3.7	36	3.3	22	1.4	5	0.9	17	1.6
116	Diseases of the esophagus	1		0.1		1	0.09	5	0.3	2	0.4	3	0.3
117	Ulcer of the stomach and duodenum	80	4.9	28	5.2	52	4.8	56	3.5	20	3.8	36	3.3
118	Other diseases of the stomach (Cancer excepted)	199	12.2	57	10.6	142	13.0	345	21.6	124	23.8	221	20.5
119	Diarrhea and enteritis (under two years)	4,206	259.0	1,534	286.7	2,672	244.7	3,949	246.9	1,452	278.7	2,497	231.1
120	Diarrhea and enteritis (2 years and over)	3,312	204.0	826	154.4	2,486	227.7	2,579	161.3	693	133.0	1,886	174.6
121	Appendicitis	70	4.3	32	8.0	38	3.5	48	3.0	29	5.6	19	.1.7
122	Hernia, intestinal obstruction	101	6.2	54	10.1	47	4.3	102	6.4	49	9.4	53	4.9
123	Other diseases of the intestines	15	0.9	10	1.9	5	0.4	35	2.2	23	4.4	12	1.1
124	Cirrhosis of the liver	216	13.3	98	18.3	118	10.8	160	10.0	55	10.5	105	9.7
125	Other diseases of the liver	55	3.4	23	4.3	34	3.1	31	1.9	18	3.5	13	1.2
126	Biliary calculi	4	0.2	2	0.4	2	0.2	5	0.3	2	0.4	3	0.3
127	Other diseases of the gallbladder and binary passages	26	1.6	9	1.7	17	1.6	31	1.9	16	3.1	15	1.4
128	Diseases of the pancreas	3	0.2	3		0.6		2		0.1		2	0.2
129	Peritonitis, cause not specified	30	1.8	17	3.2	13	1.2	53	3.3	24	4.6	29	2,7
	X. Diseases of the Genito‑Urinary System	2,614	161.0	831	155.3	1,783	163.3	2,357	147.4	677	129.9	1,680	155.5
130	Acute nephritis	617	38.0	128	23.9	489	44.8	720	45.0	129	24.8	591	54.7
131	Chronic nephritis	1,616	99.5	549	102.6	1,067	97.7	867	54.2	254	48.7	613	56.7
132	Nephritis, unspecified (10 years and over)	196	12.1	67	12.5	129	11.8	610	38.1	229	43.9	381	35.3
133	Other diseases of the kidneys and ureters	109	6.7	35	6.5	74	6.8	84	5.2	29	5.6	55	5.1
134	Calculi of the urinary passages	6	0.4	4	0.7	2	0.2	3	0.2	2	0.4	1	0.1
135	Diseases of the bladder (tumors excepted)	9	0.6	6	1.1	3	0.3	4	0.2	1	0.2	3	0.3
136	Diseases of the urethra, urinary abscess, etc.	9	0.6	9		1.7		6	0.4	5	0.9	1	0.1
137	Diseases of the prostate	10	1.2[35]	7	3.2	3	0.5	18	2.2	10	4.7	8	1.4
138	Diseases of the male genital organs not specified as venereal	1	0.133	1		0.4		2		1.2		2	0.3
139	Diseases of the female genital organs, not specified as venereal	41	5.1[36]	25	9.8	16	2.9	43	6.4	18	7.3	25	4.5
	XI. Diseases of Pregnancy, Childbirth, and Puerperal State	436	53.834	146	57.2	290	52.2	434	54.4	158	63.8	276	50.1
140	Abortion with septic conditions.	2	0.2	1	0.4	1	0.2	4	0.5	2	0.8	2	0.4
141	Abortion without mention of septic conditions	7	1.0	4	1.6	3	0.5	8	1.0	8		3.2
142	Ectopic gestation	3	0.4	1	0.4	2	0.4	3	0.4	1	0.4	.2	0.4
143	Other accidents of pregnancy	3	0.4	2	0.8	1		0.2
144	Puerperal hemorrhage.	116	14.3	41	16.1	75	13.5	105	13.1	38	15.3	67	12.2
145	Puerperal septicemia (not abortion)	131	16.2	47	18.4	84	15.1	162	20.3	58	23.4	104	18.9
146	Puerperal albuminuria and eclampsia	109	13.4	33	12.9	76	13.7	92	11.5	24	9.7	68	12.3
147	Other toxemias of pregnancy	12	1.5	3	1.2	9	1.6	6	0.8	3	1.2	3	0.5
148	Puerperal phlegmasia alba dolens embolus, sudden death (not specified as septic)	17	2.1	6	2.4	11	0.2	12	1.5	2	0.8	10	1.8
149	Other accidents of childbirth....	18	2.2	4	1.6	14	2.5	39	4.9	21	8.5	18	3.3
150	Other and unspecified conditions of the puerperal state	18	2.2	4	1.6	14	2.5	3	0.4	1	0.4	2	0.4
	XII. Diseases of the Skin and Cellular Tissue	97	6.0	43	8.0	54	4.9	46	2.9	15	2.9	31	2.9
151-153	Furuncle, carbuncle, phlegmon, etc.	97	6.0	43	8.0	64	4.9	46	2.9	15	2.9	31	2.9
	XIII. Diseases of the Bones and Organs of Locomotion	16	1.0	8	1.5	8	0.7	22	1.4	19	3.6	3	0.3
154-155	Osteomyelitis and other diseases of the bones	14	0.9	8	1.5	6	0.5	17	1.1	15	2.9	2	0.2
156	Diseases of the joints and other organs of locomotion	2		0.1		2	0.2	5	0.3	4	0.8	1	0.1
157	XIV. Congenital Malformations	180	11.1	53	9.9	127	11.6	125	7.8	52	10.0	73	6.7
	XV. Diseases of Early Infancy	2,159	134.0	725	-135.5	1,434	131.3	2,312	144.6	726	139.3	1,586	146.8
158	Congenital debility	1,566	96.4	481	89.9	1,085	99.4	1,831	114.5	532	102.1	1,299	120.2
159	Premature birth	252	15.5	115	21.5	137	12.5	167	10.4	81	15.5	86	8.0
160	Injury at birth	81	5.0	35	6.5	46	4.2	67	4.2	20	3.8	47	4.3
161 ad	Other diseases peculiar to early infancy	215	13.2	77	14.4	138	12.6	218	13.6	73	14.0	145	13.4
161b	Icterus of the newborn	43	2.6	15	2.8	28	2.6	29	1.8	20	3.8	9	0.8
161c	Sclerema	2	0.1	2		0.4
162	XVI. Senility	351	21.6	131	24.5	220	20.1	978	61.2	320	61.4	658	60.9
	XVII. Violent and Accidental Deaths	1,162	71.6	531	99.2	631	57.8	1,370	85.7	539	103.5	831	76.9
163-171	Suicides (all)	361	22.2	153	28.6	208	19.0	336	21.0	148	28.4	188	17.4
172-175	Homicides (all)	219	13.5	100	18.7	119	10.9	213	13.3	102	19.6	111	10.3
176-198	Accidents (all)	582	35.8	278	52.0	304	27.8	821	51.3	289	55.5	532	49.2
	XVIII. Ill-Defined Causes of Death	881	54.2	131	24.5	750	68.7	1,170	73.2	223	42.8	947	87.7
199	Sudden death	5	0.3	2	0.4	3	0.3	5	0.3	3	0.6	2	0.2
200 a	Ill-defined causes of death	189	11.6	54	10.1	135	12.4	457	28.6	128	24.5	329	30.5
200b	Not specified, or unknown	687	42.3	75	14.0	612	56.0	708	44.3	92	17.7	616	57.0

 

N. Duty-Free Zones or Free Ports

As a supplement to the measures proposed hereinabove, it would be highly recommendable to facilitate the trading of products with other countries, so that we could easily obtain raw materials for possible industries to be developed on our own Island, and so there would also be a more expeditious means of exporting our products to other markets. It seems to us that nothing would achieve these objectives better than the establishment of duty-free zones or free ports on this Island.

Declaration of a Duty-Free Zone in the Port of San Juan, Puerto Rico.

With the approval on June 18, 1934, by the American Congress of the Law establishing duty-free zones in the ports of entry of the United States, and whose specific title is the following: “To provide for the establishment, operation, and maintenance of foreign trade zones at United States ports of entry, to facilitate and encourage foreign trade, and for other purposes.”

With this in mind, Puerto Rico has the opportunity to establish of a duty-free zone in its ports.

According to the title of this legislation, its primary purpose is to authorize the creation of “duty-free zones” or “free ports” at the ports of entry of the United States, under certain conditions and restrictions, according to the rules and regulations set forth in said law.

The creation of duty-free zones or free ports is not a new issue, since they exist in more than thirty countries, the best-known being Hamburg, Copenhagen, and Danzig. Among the countries that have established such zones are Austria, China, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Manchuria, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Yugoslavia, and Bolivia. Recently the port of Matanzas in Cuba and the port of Turino in Venezuela have been declared free ports.

In the United States, the pros and cons of establishing duty-free zones or free ports have been discussed for some years, and industry and trade associations, shipping interests, and port entities have come to the conclusion that the duty-free zone system is far superior to the current system used in the United States when it comes to foreign trade. Thus, the American Congress, in keeping with the policy established by the Hon. President Roosevelt, has taken definitive action manifested in the approved law, to which we refer.

There are those who have the idea that duty-free zones or free ports in the United States would bring down customs tariffs and open the country to “free trade.” The term “duty-free zone” has nothing to do with “free trade” or commercial protection, nor does it interfere with port rights.

The Tariff Commission in its report to the President of the Commerce Committee in 1918, when submitting a study on the matter of duty-free zones or free ports, describes the duty-free zone as follows:

An isolated, fenced and guarded area at or adjacent to a port of entry, without a resident population, equipped with the necessary facilities for loading and unloading, for supplying fuel and provisions to ships, for storing merchandise, for reshipping by land and water; an area within which goods can be unloaded, stored, mixed, bound, repackaged, manufactured and reshipped without payment of duties and without the intervention of customs officials. It is subject, as with the adjacent areas, to all laws related to public health, ship inspection, postal service, working conditions, immigration, and, in effect, everything, except the payment of customs duties.

The same report of the Tariff Commission explains the purposes of duty-free zones or free ports as follows:

To encourage and facilitate that part of the foreign trade of a nation which the Government wishes to exclude from the restrictions imposed by customs duties. In other words, its purpose is to encourage negotiations in foreign goods that are imported not for domestic consumption but for export to foreign markets and to process or combine them with domestic products before being exported.

The terms “duty-free zones” or “free ports” in Europe have a different meaning than in the United States as defined by this Act.

The term “duty-free zone” in Europe refers exclusively to a certain area within a port where customs duties do not apply, and which is called “ville franche” in French and “Freihafen” in German. When the entire port is a free port, it is known by the name of “port franc” in French or “Freibezirk” or “Freilager” in German. The English term free port, however, applies indistinctly to duty-free zones or free ports. In the port of Copenhagen, the duty-free area encompasses approximately 150 acres, in Hamburg 2,500, and in Bremerhaven 700 acres.

The aforementioned law that provides for the establishment of duty-free zones in the United States, covers the following details:

Definitions

(a) The term “Secretary,” as used herein, refers to the Secretary of Commerce of the United States.

(b) The term “Board” shall mean the Board established to enforce this Act. Said Board shall consist of the Secretary of Commerce, who shall act as President and Executive Officer thereof, the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of War.

(c) The term “State” shall mean any state, the District of Columbia, Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico.

(d) The term “Corporation” shall mean a public corporation and/or a private corporation as defined in this Act.

(e) The term “Public Corporation” shall mean a state, a political subdivision thereof, a municipality, a public agency of a state, a political subdivision thereof, and/or a municipal corporation of one or more states.

(f) The term “Private Corporation” shall mean a corporation (except in the case of a public corporation) that is organized for the purpose of establishing, operating and maintaining a foreign trade zone and which is incorporated in accordance with the special law that has been approved by the legislature of the state or states in which it is proposed to operate such zone, after the approval of this Act.

(g) The term “Applicant” shall mean a corporation applying for the right to establish, operate and maintain a duty-free zone.

(h) The term “Concessionaire” shall mean a corporation to which the privilege to establish, operate and maintain a duty-free zone has been granted.

(i) The term “zone” refers to a foreign trade zone, as defined in this Act.

Authority to Grant the Establishment of Duty-Free Zones

The Board, composed of the Secretary of Commerce, (Chairman), the Secretary of the Treasury, and the Secretary of War shall be authorized, in accordance with the provisions and restrictions of this Act, and the rules and stipulations therein, to grant corporations, upon request as explained hereinafter, the privilege to establish, operate, and maintain foreign trade zones in or adjacent to ports of entry in the jurisdiction of the United States.

Special Conditions

Each port of entry is entitled to at least one duty-free zone, however when a port of entry is located within the boundaries of more than one state, one may be authorized in each state in the territory encompassed by such port, when two cities separated by water are included within the limits of a port of entry, a duty-free zone may be authorized in each of said cities or in territory adjacent to them. The zones in addition to those to which a port of entry is entitled, shall be authorized only if the Board finds that the existing or authorized zones do not cover the needs and conveniences of the trade.

In the approval of applications for the establishment of duty-free zones, preference shall be given to public corporations.

In those states where the (port) facilities of any of its ports are owned or administered by the state or by a municipality, the Board shall not authorize a public corporation to establish duty-free zones in such state, unless the request has been authorized by act of the State Legislature, or legislation has been passed after this Act has entered into effect.

Purposes and Privileges of Such Zones

Foreign or domestic merchandise of any kind, except those prohibited by law, may, without being subject to United States customs laws, be brought into such a zone, but not manufactured or displayed within the zone. Furthermore, said merchandise may be stored, unpacked, repackaged, assembled, distributed, classified, graded, cleaned, mixed with foreign or domestic merchandise, or in any other way manipulated, and exported. Foreign merchandise may be shipped to the customs territory of the United States in the original packaging or otherwise. Foreign merchandise stored in a free zone when introduced into any other territory of the United States is subject to all laws and regulations that affect importation.

Applications

Any application sent to the Board for the establishment of a duty-free zone must specify in detail the following:

1. Situation and conditions of the area in which the zone is proposed to be established, demonstrating that (a) the area of ​​land and water, or land or water, or land area only if the request is for the establishment of the zone in or adjacent to an inland port; (b) means to isolate this area from the rest of the territory subject to customs laws; (e) the adaptation of the area for the zone; (d) the possibilities of expansion of the area.

2. The facilities and dependencies that are proposed to be provided and the projects and preliminary estimates of their cost and the existing facilities and dependencies that will be used.

3. The proposed time that the applicant will start and finish the construction of the area and its facilities and dependencies.

4. The proposed methods to finance the company.

5. Any other information that the Board may deem necessary.

The Board may, at its own initiative or upon request, allow amendments to the application.

Any application for expansion or addition to the area of ​​an established zone will follow the same procedures as if it were an original application.

Application Approval

If the Board finds that the proposed projects and the conditions and location of the area are suitable for the establishment of a duty-free zone and that the facilities and dependencies that are proposed to be provided are sufficient, authorization shall be granted.

Federal Cooperation

The Board shall cooperate with the state, subdivision, and municipality in which the zone is located, in the exercise of its police, health, and any other powers in connection with the “free zone.” It shall also cooperate with the United States Customs Service, the Post Office, the Public Health Service, the Immigration Bureau, and any other federal agency that has jurisdiction in said port.

Recommended Facilities for the Zone

The concessionaire is obliged to provide and maintain the following facilities in each zone: (a) adequate piers, docks, seawalls and jetties, warehouses, facilities and equipment for loading and unloading, facilities and equipment for docking ships, or, in the case of terrestrial areas, facilities for loading and unloading and storage of merchandise; (b) adequate transportation connections with the surrounding territory and with any part of the United States, so as to facilitate the surveillance or inspection required for tax protection; (c) adequate facilities for the supply of coal or other fuel and for electricity and power generation; (d) water connections and sewage service; (e) suitable buildings and facilities for the stay of officials and employees of the Government of the United States, or those of the state and municipality whose duties require their presence within the zone; (f) appropriate means to isolate or separate the zone from the rest of the territory to protect taxes together with appropriate means for entry and exit of people, vehicles, ships and merchandise; (and) any other requirement requested by the Board.

Particular Concessions

The concessionaire may, with the approval of the Board, and in accordance with the regulations stipulated by the Board, allow other persons, firms, corporations, or associations to construct buildings or any other structure within the zone that meet their particular needs, ensuring, however, that these permits may in no way interfere with or alter the regulations for the operation of the zone.

All zones shall be operated as public utility and all fees for services or privileges within the zone shall be fair and reasonable and the concessionaire is obliged to treat all those who use said zone, facilities, and dependencies, under the same conditions.

No individual shall be allowed to reside within the zone, except for agents of the federal or municipal governments whose residence within the zone is authorized by the Board.

Special Rules

The Board shall prescribe the pertinent rules regarding employees and other persons using the area. The rules regarding taxes will be approved by the Secretary of the Treasury. The Board may at any time order the exclusion from the zone of any merchandise or procedure that in its judgment is detrimental to the public interest, health, or safety.

Retail trade shall not be permitted within the zone, except under a permit authorized by the concessionaire and approved by the Board. These permits, however, shall not authorize the sale of any article, except those household articles or other items that have paid customs taxes or that can enter duty free.

Administration

The form and manner for keeping the accounts of each zone shall be regulated by the Board. Each concessionaire shall annually submit to the Board, and whenever else required by the Board, reports containing data on all operations, negotiations, income, expenses, etc., referring to the zone. The concession of a free zone may not be sold, or in any other way transferred, ceded or assigned.

In case of violations of the rules established for the administration, operation, and maintenance of a zone, said concession may be revoked by the Board, after notifying the concessionaire four months in advance, giving him the opportunity to defend himself.

The decision of this Board may be appealed to the Circuit Court with jurisdiction over the zone in question. Violations of this Act or of any of the regulations established by the Secretary, in accordance therewith, by a concessionaire, officer, agent or employee who is responsible for or permits any violation, is subject to a fine of no more than $1,000, and each day such violation continues shall constitute a separate offense.

General Advantages to the Establishment of Free Zones

The establishment of foreign trade zones (duty-free zones) brings with it the following general advantages:

1. Promotion of foreign trade by facilitating the transshipment and reconsignment of merchandise.

2. Assistance to the merchant marine, expedited wharfage and clearance of ships.

3. Additional traffic, since it can provide a better balance between “incoming and outgoing” traffic.

4. Facilities for storage, unpacking, repacking, classification, mixing, etc., of merchandise prior to reshipment.

The Port of San Juan

The port of San Juan, Puerto Rico, is ideally situated for the establishment of a foreign trade zone (duty-free zone). Its position on the trade route between the two Americas and its location especially with respect to the southern part of the United States, Antilles, Central America, the Panama Canal and the ports to the north of South America, make the port of San Juan the true starting point for Latin American trade.

The port of San Juan is thus situated in a much more advantageous position to promote foreign trade from the United States than any other port in the southern or southeastern Continental United States.

The average distance of the port of San Juan from the main ports of the Continental United States is one thousand two hundred (1,200) miles, which means that San Juan is one thousand two hundred (1,200) miles closer to the Latin American consumer than any other American port.

One of the great problems facing American trade with Latin America is the issue of “full load shipments.” This can be easily avoided if duty-free zones are utilized as a large warehouse for American products to be later reshipped to the different consumer countries, divided into smaller units.

In so doing, European ships could come fully loaded to the port of San Juan and return with merchandise accumulated here and thus shorten their voyages, save freight costs in visiting ports with smaller shipments. U.S.-registered ships would then act as distributors from San Juan to Latin American ports and from said ports to San Juan.

With a free zone, San Juan would act as the point of contact between the two Americas and would unquestionably contribute to closer trade relations, which would naturally represent more business.

The fact that Puerto Rico is a U.S. territory, and at the same time the best client of the Continental United States south of the Rio Grande, should not be disregarded.

It should not be feared that the establishment of a duty-free zone in the port of San Juan will bring about commercial competition with continental ports such as: Miami, Jacksonville, Galveston, Charleston, New Orleans, or any other. On the contrary, the port of San Juan would act as the closest point of commercial contact for the consuming client.

The businesses in general of the Continental United States would benefit greatly from the establishment of a duty-free zone in the port of San Juan, since it is a fact that all the commerce of the Island of Puerto Rico is nothing more than a branch of the commerce of the Continental United States.

The commercial statistics of Central America and the northern part of South America show that a large percentage of the trade in certain articles corresponds to European trade, and if this European trade were provided with facilities for storage, classification, repackaging, etc., in the duty-free zone of San Juan prior to its reshipment, it would be automatically transformed to be considered American trade.

American products mixed with foreign products for reshipment would increase American commerce and this in turn would create new industries that would instead consume and use materials, machinery, and equipment of American origin.

Puerto Rico has an additional advantage over the southern ports of the United States—the language. Language is not the only common attribute shared by Puerto Rico and Latin American countries, but also due to shared social customs and relationships, it would be much more convenient for the Latin American client to contact the American producer through a Puerto Rican intermediary.

The establishment of a duty-free zone in San Juan including the construction of docks, warehouses, terminals, office buildings, loading and unloading equipment, machinery, railway facilities, etc., would not only use the native worker, but would also be a direct aid to American trade since all the materials would come from their own factories.

Another advantage of establishing a duty-free zone in San Juan is the fact that the labor involved in moving cargo in this port is at least half the cost of labor at inland ports.

Considering the establishment of a duty-free zone in San Juan from the vantage point of national defense, the establishment of a system of warehouses in the port of San Juan where there is a considerable existence of dry and open merchandise, would be of great advantage to the U.S. Navy in the event of any danger posed to the nation.

Facilities in the Port of San Juan

The port of San Juan has the following harbor facilities:

1. Docks, jetties, and warehouses equipped with modern machinery to quickly load and unload ships.

2. Coal, oil, gasoline, and water supply service.

3. Land owned by the government of Puerto Rico on both sides of the Caño San Antonio, which is dredged to a sufficient depth to accommodate the ships that provide cargo services.

4. Connection by rail and highways with the entire Island.

5. Land owned by the State for the establishment of new industries, whose development fits within the determining factors of the Island’s economy.

6. The zone where the “duty-free zone” would be installed would be easy to separate from the rest of the customs zone and therefore easy to be monitored for the purpose of avoiding the violation of customs laws.

7. San Juan is connected to the entire world by cable service, radiotelephone, and radiotelegraph.

S. The banking facilities in San Juan are also international, which would facilitate commercial trade.

9. The port of San Juan, in accordance with the improvement works being carried out by the War Department, would have sufficient space and depth to provide easy entry and berthing to the largest ships engaged in international trade.

10. The lands owned by Puerto Rico, reclaimed from the sea with these works to improve the port, would offer ample space for the establishment of new factories and industries.

Location of the San Juan Duty-Free Trade Zone

The free zone in San Juan may be established on the land owned by the People of Puerto Rico, reclaimed from the sea (Puerta de Tierra), that is located to the north of Caño San Antonio between said channel and the Fernández Juncos highway and to the south of said channel, using part of Isla Grande as indicated in the accompanying map.

The area to the north of the Caño San Antonio has a capacity of 30 acres and to the south of the Caño, 57 acres could be reserved, for a grand total of 87 acres for the duty-free zone.

Costs Entailed in Establishing the Duty-Free Zone

The qualification of these two (2) areas comprising 30 acres and 57 acres for the establishment of the duty-free zone, construction of the jetties, docks, warehouses, buildings, preparation of the terrain, installation of water and sewage service, electricity, etc. would be considerable, and it would therefore be recommended that the establishment of the duty-free zone be initiated in a parcel of no more than 10 acres, within the parcel of 30 acres as indicated in the accompanying plan.

Preparation of the Ten-Acre Site

A—Description and Area:

Said plot borders on the south side with the Caño San Antonio in an approximate length of 275 linear meters; on the west side with the properties of the Pyramid Gasoline Company and the State-owned lots up to Avenida Fernández Juncos, in an approximate length of 145 meters; to the north with Avenida Fernández Juncos, and to the east with the rest of the area proposed for a free port.

The area included within the above description is ten acres, which is approximately one-third of the entire proposed free port area.

B—Jetty, Including Ten-Meter-Wide Platform and Rail Connection:

The construction of 275 meters of jetty, including a ten-meter-wide platform and rail track, would cost approximately $220,000.

C—Reinforced Cement Sheds Next to the Jetty Platform:

Along the boardwalk and next to the platform, two sheds would first be built, the costs of which would be approximately the following:

1600 m2surface area	Cost	$40,000
2,200 m2surface area	Cost	55,000
Total		$95,000

D—Installation of Double Rail Track:

The installation of a double-track rail connection to serve the sheds is estimated that at $20,000.

E—Pipe Installation for Water, Oil and Gasoline Service.

The cost of this installation would be approximately one third of what was calculated for the total project, or around $5,000.

F—General Site Preparation:

The general preparation of the site, including the construction of some streets, the service of fluvial water drainage and electric lighting, can also be calculated as a third part in terms of the expenses for the total project, i.e., $15,000.

G—Reinforced Concrete Fence Including Entry Gates:

The construction of a fence ten feet high and six access gates must be built in their entirety, and the budgeted sum for this aspect is $20,000.

H—Reinforced Concrete Buildings:

The reinforced concrete buildings needed for surveillance of the zone must also be constructed from scratch, and the amount of $15,000 has been budgeted for this item.

I—Service Warehouses:

The construction of a warehouse with a surface area of 1,000 m² has been taken into account, at an approximate cost of $25,000.

Summary

The total cost of the first phase of the plan would be as follows:

B. Boardwalk including ten-meter platform and rail connection	$220,000
C. Reinforced cement shed next to the boardwalk platform	95,000
D. Installation of double railway track	20,000
E. Pipe installation for water oil and gasoline	5,000
F. General site preparation	15,000
G. Reinforced concrete wall including entrance gates	20,000
H. Reinforced concrete buildings	15,000
I. Service warehouses	25,000
Total	$415,000

Required Insular Legislation

Section 2, Paragraph “D” of the act recently approved by the United States Congress states as follows:

In case of any State in which harbor facilities of any port of entry are owned and controlled by the State and in which State harbor facilities of any other port of entry are owned and controlled by a municipality, the Board shall not grant an application by any public corporation for the establishment of any zone in such State, unless such application has been authorized by an Act of the legislature of such State (enacted after the date of enactment of this Act).

The Government of Puerto Rico owns and has under its control harbor facilities in the port of San Juan through the Port Board, and the Municipality of Ponce is also the owner of the harbor facilities in that port, so that the clause mentioned above covers the case of Puerto Rico and it is up to our Insular Legislature to authorize by law the request for the establishment of a duty-free zone in San Juan.

Model Legislation

Legislation should thus be submitted to our legislature for approval to the tenor of the following:

JOINT RESOLUTION AUTHORIZING THE GOVERNOR OF PUERTO RICO TO SUBMIT BEFORE THE BOARD CREATED BY THE LAW APPROVED BY THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS ON JUNE 18, 1934, TITLED “An Act to provide for the establishment, operation, and maintenance of foreign trade zones in ports of entry of the United States, to expedite and encourage foreign commerce, and for other purposes,” [A PLAN FOR] THE ESTABLISHMENT, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF A DUTY-FREE ZONE IN THE PORT OF SAN JUAN, PUERTO RICO, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.

WHEREAS, the United States Congress on June 18, 1934, passed an act titled “An Act to provide for the establishment, operation, and maintenance of foreign trade zones in ports of entry of the United States, to expedite and encourage foreign commerce, and for other purposes.”

WHEREAS, Puerto Rico is included in the phrase “STATE” as defined in said law in order to enjoy the privileges of establishing foreign trade zones (duty-free zone);

WHEREAS, Section 2, Paragraph “D” of said act specifies the following:

In case of any State in which harbor facilities of any port of entry are owned and controlled by the State and in which State harbor facilities of any other port of entry are owned and controlled by a municipality, the Board shall not grant an application by any public corporation for the establishment of any zone in such State, unless such application has been authorized by an Act of the legislature of such State (enacted after the date of enactment of this Act).

WHEREAS, the Insular Government of Puerto Rico owns and has under its control port facilities in the port of San Juan through the San Juan Port Board and the Municipality of Ponce owns the port facilities in that port;

WHEREAS, Section 2, Paragraph “D” of the aforementioned law covers the case of Puerto Rico;

WHEREAS, the establishment of a foreign trade zone (duty-free zone) in Puerto Rico would be of great benefit to the agriculture, industry, commerce, and shipping of the Continental United States and of great advantage and benefit to the agriculture, industry, and commerce of the People of Puerto Rico;

WHEREAS, due to its geographical location, the port facilities that it has, the volume of commerce that takes place through said port, and the additional improvements that it is undergoing, the Port of San Juan is the most appropriate for the establishment of foreign trade zone (duty-free zone).

THEREFORE, Be it Resolved by the Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico:

Section 1—Authorize the Governor of Puerto Rico to negotiate with the Board provided by the aforementioned act, which is composed of the Hon. Secretary of Commerce, the Hon. Secretary of the Treasury, and the Hon. Secretary of War, a request for the establishment, operation, and maintenance of a foreign trade zone (duty-free zone) in the port of San Juan, Puerto Rico.

Section 2—Any law or part of law that is contrary to this law is hereby repealed.

Section 3—This Law, being of an urgent nature, shall take effect immediately after its approval.

Allocation of Funds

The allocation in the amount of $415,000 to initiate the works required for the establishment of a duty-free zone in San Juan, as previously estimated, represents at this time when the Insular treasury is going through financial difficulties, a large outlay; however, taking into consideration the advantages inherent to the establishment of the duty-free zone, it would be relatively easy to grant a loan considering this as a self-liquidating project that would be paid from the duty-free zone’s own revenues duly guaranteed by the government of Puerto Rico. Part of the lands owned by the government of Puerto Rico could be leased to commercial and industrial entities for the construction of jetties, warehouses, factories, etc., in addition to franchises or permits based on fees for the exploitation of businesses related to said duty-free zone.

Expanded image: Map of the propsed duty-free zone or free port. Depicts its location as proposed. To be established in the eastern access of the San Juan Islet, bordered by Avenida Fernández Juncos on the north side of the lot and by the San Antonio Channel on the south side, all the way down to the existing bridge. On the left side of the lot there is an area established which will occupy the initial project plus an additional expansion. The main lot occupies 30 acres of land. On the other side of the channel thers a 57-acre zone designated for a future expansion of the zone. (R. Conc. del S. 1, 96)

×

O. Our Population Density

It may have been noted that we have not yet mentioned the problem of our population density, which has been of such great concern to all those who have turned their attention to our economic problems. We are not overwhelmed by the growth of our population because we believe that maintaining it and keeping it at a standard of living consistent with modern concepts is not an insoluble matter.

If we confront the problem of our population from the standpoint of the past, it is true that the only remedies that are offered to us are emigration and the restriction of our birth rate. We are not opposed to either the former or the latter, however we maintain that they are not the only remedies, nor are they the best ones. It is a good thing that that now the means for going out in search of broader horizons should be made as easy as possible for all those who voluntarily wish to do so, however, we do not believe in the feasibility or suitability of mass emigration. The immigrant is everywhere a subject of exploitation and neither the genius of our people nor their civic environment predispose them to emigration. Our duty is to see that everyone who was born in this land and prefers it to any other should remain here, and to offer him every opportunity we can afford to live a decent life. Regarding the matter of birth restriction, it is a matter on which there are different opinions based on moral and religious reasons, but leaving this aspect of the question aside, this could provide an effective means for improving the moral and physical type of the citizen. We do not believe, however, that it is the appropriate measure to solve our population problem.

The fact is that in the light of modern science, through the application of new technical-agricultural principles and all manner of new discoveries, the problem of dense population is disappearing and rather these populations begin to acquire a positive economic value, thus constituting an asset instead of a liability, in the socio-economic balance of the peoples.

The new discoveries in the field of agrobiology have shown the enormous potential for increasing the productivity of the land per acre. For example, the maximum theoretical production per acre of corn is estimated at 135 quintals, potatoes 798 quintals, cotton 23 quintals of ginned fiber, and sugarcane 185 tons. Reliable field data exist with regard to the production of these crops, which, in fact, can achieve the following yields: (Wilcox, Reshaping Agriculture, page 66.)

Corn	135 quintals or	100% of the maximum yield possible
Potatoes	6983.6 quintals or	86.8% of the maximum yield possible
Cotton	17.5 quintals or	76.1% of the maximum yield possible
Sugarcane	180 quintals or	97.2% of the maximum yield possible

Based on the maximum yields that have been obtained from staple crops in the Continental United States, Wilcox (Loc. Cit.) estimates that the seven million inhabitants of New York City could obtain a balanced diet by planting an area equal to that of the city ​​(308.95 square miles) of cane producing 70 tons per acre; potatoes at 693.6 quintals per acre and corn at a rate of 135 quintals per acre; In other words, 35 people could live on the output of one acre, or 22,432 people on the output of one square mile. With similar productions, 80,755,200 inhabitants could find subsistence in Puerto Rico. Reducing this to 25 percent, to leave room for the slopes of the hills and the lower less habitable lands, there is still the conceivable possibility of maintaining over twenty million inhabitants. Not to mention the still greater food production that is to come as a result of the application of the new types of plants that are being developed, and the improvements and innovations that are continually being introduced in agricultural practices and industrial processes.

With regard to Puerto Rico, the only crop the production possibilities of which have been studied is sugarcane, with the result that we have tripled sugar production in the same area, we have reached maximum productions of 117 tons of sugarcane per acre, and on the hills that previously did not produce more than 15 tons per acre, we have managed to obtain yields of 45 and 50 tons. Even in the case of this plant, which is the one that has undergone the greatest research, we are far from having exhausted its possibilities. Absolutely everything can be used from it; leaves and bagasse for the manufacture of alpha-cellulose, the basis for rayon; molasses for the production of solvents such as butanol, acetone, butyric and propionic acid; cachaza (filter cake) for the extraction of wax and the manufacture of charcoal, all possibilities demonstrated in the laboratories of our Experimental Agricultural Station.

Concerning the possibilities of sugarcane, Wilcox has said the following: “Sugarcane, in terms of its yield of useful vegetable substances, is the most powerful agrotype known to serve humanity.”

He has calculated that 365 acres of land planted with sugarcane yielding 70 tons of cane per acre would produce calories equivalent to the amount of carbohydrate required in their diet by 16,461 people for a year, or if the sugars so produced were transformed, by a technique already known in digestible albuminoidal substances, they would provide enough to meet the needs of protein substances in the diet of 47,425 people for one year. After the sugars are extracted, Wilcox continues, there will remain a vast amount of fibrous material capable of producing 1,825 tons of excellent artificial wood, equivalent to a hundred frame cottages plus 365 tons of alpha-cellulose for the manufacture of artificial silk. The 5,840 tons of green fodder could be converted into fiber and fodder for sheep.

As we can see, the possibilities of sugarcane, which is our main crop, are enormous, and it alone would almost suffice to supply most of life’s needs, if it were used in its entirety in a scientific manner.

The possibilities of increasing the production of all our other crops are also very extensive, since at present we are not producing even at the rate of 10 percent of our maximum potential. In order to get as close to these maximum productions as possible, we need to bolster our irrigation systems and give greater emphasis to our agricultural and industrial research work.

The proposed measures, since they tend to resolve the situation within the context of present conditions and technologies, but without losing sight of the possibilities of the future to take advantage of which we have tried at the same time to create favorable conditions for the application of the new technologies that are available and that will ultimately solve the problem of subsistence for our population.

P. Tourism

In order to convert tourism into a source of economic revenue on an island that, like our own, has the greatest of natural charms, all plans drawn up until now must be completely discarded in order to reorganize this important civilizing factor on more stable foundations.

Hotels, Spas and Beach Areas

Before intensifying the promotion that is made about our beauties abroad, a sufficient sum of money should be obtained from the federal authorities to invest it in the construction of modern hotels and spas conveniently located near the picturesque beaches. The Coamo thermal spa should also include a modern hotel with sufficient accommodation for four hundred visitors. The hotels in the project must contain suitable furnishings and equipment for the amusements that are typical for beach areas, including the fishing that attracts so many tourists to Miami. The hotels in this project, not counting the amenities of the Hotel Condado, would provide lodging for nearly two thousand visitors during any given season.

BUDGET

Construction of modern hotels in the mountains	$300,000
Construction of parks and roads in the mountains	300,000
Total	$600,000

These sums can easily be obtained from the federal funds destined for the reconstruction of our Island.

Tickets

When there is sufficient accommodation on the island to welcome thousands of tourists, the insular and foreign shipping companies should be interested in reducing their fare rates and extending the period in which a traveler can return to their point of departure. Those who travel to Europe from this island can get a round trip ticket that does not expire until ninety days after it is issued, enough time to visit the historical sites and radiant landscapes of any country. If an agreement is made with the corporation that manages the hotels, which in our case must be the Insular Government, the following can be offered to the tourist:

• Round trip ticket.
• Hotel stay for fifteen days.
• Visits to historical sites and points of interest accompanied by skilled tour guides.
• Enjoyment of beach areas.

Advertising and Promotion

We must blame the poor quality of advertising and promotion that has been made so far for the lack of influx of tourists to Puerto Rico.

No one has thus far made adequate use of the following truths:

• “In the shadow of the American flag, you can discover the oldest monuments of post-Columbian civilization.”
• “The first church built by the Spaniards on this side of the world is still standing.”
• “Before the pilgrims boarded the Mayflower, two fortresses and three cities had already been built in Puerto Rico.”
• “The heraldry of Puerto Rico dates from the year 1 B.C.”
• “See the only surviving forts built by the Spaniards.”

There are other historical themes that can be exploited with insinuating language, which awaken in the tourist the desire to know and enjoy them in all their intensity, but we should discard the system of advertising the beauties of Puerto Rico solely among millionaires and people of considerable fortune. Compensatory tourism is not for the wealthy classes. Millionaires own their own yachts and prefer Monte Carlo and the Côte d’Azur in Europe, which are no more colorful than the northern coast of Puerto Rico. In all the countries of the world, tourism comes from the middle class, from workers who earn four thousand dollars a year; from public school teachers or artists pursuing new horizons. The promotion of the natural and historical beauties of Puerto Rico must be directed toward the American middle class. If the descriptive brochures of our Island distributed in the “Waldorf-Astoria” had been distributed among the teachers in New York and Pennsylvania, who have gone to see the ruins of the Mayan civilization in Central America, tourism in our country would have reached far more promising figures.

Organization

The hotel administration must organize and maintain a car service driven by professional and sensible chauffeurs who can traverse the Island from north to south and from east to west, stopping wherever visitors require them to take their photographic views, which they love so much.

The highest mountains of Puerto Rico should have readily accessible roads for car transport, and if this implies a heavy investment, bridle paths should be provided to stimulate the sport of horseback riding, so forgotten today.

There should be no lack of literature in English that conveys accurate and dispassionate information about our island to visitors.

When we are ready to receive them comfortably, many Americans, knowing that the historical treasures of the Christian civilization of America rest under the shadow of their flag, will cross these cobalt seas of the tropics in flocks to see the only land owned by Uncle Sam where Christopher Columbus had set his foot.

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Conclusion

In submitting to the Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico the Plan that we have drawn up to definitively achieve the economic and social restoration of our Island, we have taken into account all the factors that have converged in the creation of the ills that now beset us, without pausing to pinpoint the determining agents of our crisis, which in addition to the Great Depression, are founded upon the imbalances caused in our finances by the last two cyclones to which we have already referred.

We do not know, because we do not have our own resources, to what extent it will be possible to carry out this plan of action. This will depend, as we have said at the beginning, mainly on the assistance that we can receive from the Federal Government for its execution. Within this plan there are, however, some things that we can do, others that we can begin to tackle, and others that must be kept in mind at all times so that they can be carried out once the necessary means are made available.

Perhaps it is impossible at the moment to put into practice all the constructive aspects of this plan that our account has made of all our ills, applying the appropriate remedy through a program of constant action that requires, above all else, the tenacity, perseverance, and faith of all Puerto Ricans and the extensive collaboration of all our vital factors.

We encourage the confidence that all the measures that we have recommended, aimed not at alleviating, but at remedying the situation at its deepest roots, will be carried out in the shortest time that circumstances allow, so that an opportunity can be extended to our people to claim their inalienable right to their own happiness and well-being.

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Exhibit 1 – State of Puerto Rico’s Insular Government Public Debt with Total Interest as Contracted

Exhibit No. 1State of Puerto Rico’s insular government public debt as of July 1, 1935,with total interest due for the life of the bonds at the interest rate contractedfor said issuances and the interest that will accumulate at a 1% annual rate
	Life of Bond Issue	Balance as of July 1, 1935	Interest Rate	Due Date	Interest due for the life of the bonds	Interest payable from (source):	Interest due at 1% interest rate	Savings (Difference)
Bonds – Irrigation Guayama
Act No. 74, enacted March 9, 1911	1913-43	$1,000,000	4%	January 1	$300,000.00	Irrigation Funds	$75,000.00	$225,000.00
Act No. 28, enacted August 8, 1913	1913-60	1,700,000	4%	January 1	1,122,000.00	Irrigation Funds	280,500.00	841,500.00
Act No. 23, enacted November 22, 1917	1918-59	200,000	4%	January 1	184,000.00	Irrigation Funds	46,000.00	138,000.00
C.R. No. 47, enacted July 23, 1921	1922-62	250,000	5%	January 1	323,750.00	Irrigation Funds	64,750.00	259,000.00
C.R. No. 18, enacted May 15, 1925	1925-63	125,000	4½%	January 1	154,687.50	Irrigation Funds	34,375.00	120,312.50
Act No. 21, enacted June 6, 1927	1927-63	500,000	4½%	January 1	573,750.00	Irrigation Funds	127,500.09	446,250.00
Bonds – Irrigation Isabela
Act No. 54, enacted 1919	1923-66	2,800,000	4½%	January 1	2,352,375.00	Isabela Funds	522,750.00	1,829,625.00
C.R. No. 12, enacted July 3, 1920	1929-73	1,250,000	4½ y 5%	July 1	1,868,550.00	Isabela Funds	400,700.00	1,467,850.00
Refunding Bonds, Act 29, 1934	1935-74	75,000	4¼%	January 1	122,718.75	Isabela Funds	28,875.00	93,843.75
Bonds – Hydroelectric Projects (Toro Negro)
Act No. 23 of 1920, amended by Act No. 7 of 1931 and Act No. 8 of 1932	1931-51	500,000	4¼%	January 1	329,375.00	Hydro. Red. Funds	77,500.00	251,875.00
Act No. 23 of 1920, amended by Act No. 7 of 1931 and Act No. 8 of 1932	1932-52	500,000	5%	January 1	412,500.00	Hydro. Red. Funds	82,500.00	330,000.00
Bonds – Public Improvements
Act No. 49, enacted June 13, 1919	1920-40	1,000,000	4½%	January 1	135,000.00	Bond Red. Tax	30,000.00	105,000.00
Act No. 62, enacted July 16, 1921	1922-48	2,000,000	5%	January 1	900,000.00	Bond Red. Tax	180,000.00	720,000.00
Act No. 79, enacted August 17, 1925	1926-59	2,000,000	4½%	July 1	2,025,000.00	Bond Red. Tax	450,000.00	1,575,000.00
Act No. 23, enacted March 28, 1914	1914-39	988,000	4%	January 1	138,320.00	Bond Red. Tax	34,580.00	103,740.00
Act No. 13, enacted August 29, 1923, amended by Act No. 90 of August 22, 1925	1923-55	6,000,000	5%	July 1	4,350,000.00	Spec. Addit. Tax	870,000.00	3,480,000.00
Act No. 20, enacted June 4, 1927	1927-63	2,000,000	4½%	July 1	2,385,000.00	Special Tax	530,000.00	1,855,000.00
Bonds – Barrio Obrero
Act No. 19, enacted May 13, 1920	1920-42	500,000	4½%	January 1	135,000.00	Bond Red. Tax	30,000.00	105,000.00
Bonds – Floating Debt
Act No. 5, enacted April 9, 1920	1930-40	2,000,000	4½%	July 1	270,000.00	Addit. Tax and Ordinary Funds	60,000.00	210,000.00
Bonds – San Juan Harbor
Act No. 65, enacted May 2, 1928	1929-54	320,000	4½%	January 1	266,400.00	S.J.H.B. Red. Funds	59,200.00	207,200.00
Bonds – Houses for Artisans & Workers
Act No. 28, enacted November 27, 1917	1920-45	250,000	4½%	January 1	106,875.00	Ordinary Funds	23,750.00	83,125.00
Bonds – Payment of Obligations – Industrial Commission
C.R. No. 60, enacted May 5, 1930	1930-50	375,000	4½%	July 1	135,000.00	Ordinary Funds	30,000.00	105,000.00
Bonds – Muñoz Rivera Park
Act No. 81, enacted August 2, 1923	1924-38	60,000	4½%	January 1	4,050.00[37]	Ordinary Funds	900.00	3,150.00
Conversion Bonds – Municipalities and School Boards
Act No. 120, enacted July 26, 1913	1914-53	250,000	4%	July 1	140,000.00	Ordinary Funds	35,000.00	105,000.00
Bonds – Central High School
Act No. 25, enacted March 16, 1918	1920-45	300,000	4½%	January 1	128,250.00	Ordinary Funds	28,500.00	99,750.00
Bonds – Firing Range and Aviation Site
Act No. 33, enacted June 17, 1925	1925-48	200,000	4½%	July 1	103,500.00	Ordinary Funds	23,000.00	80,500.00
Bonds – Agricultural Farms
Act No. 4, enacted December 14, 1931	1932-52	323,000	4½%	January 1	239,827.50	Safe Home Funds	53,295.00	186,532.50
Total		$27,466,000			$19,205,928.75		4,178,675.09	15,027,253.75

Exhibit 1-A – Insular Government Bond Debt and the Laws Authorizing Said Issues

Exhibit No. 1-ABreakdown of Puerto Rico’s insular government bond debt, up through December 31, 1934,the laws authorizing said bond issues, and the balance for each of said issues
Authorization	Purpose of the Bond Issue	Interest rate	Balance as of December 31, 1934	Observations
	Bonds, Irrigation of Guayama:
Act No. 74, enacted March 9, 1911	Bond Issue of 1913-43	4%	$1,000,000.00	These bonds, in keeping with the terms and conditions of the law authorizing same, were issued on January 1, 1913. They mature on January 1, 1943, but they may be redeemed in whole or in part at any interest payment date as of 1933, or 20 years after issuance.
Act No. 128, enacted August 8, 1913	Bond Issue of 1913-60	4%	1,700,000.00	These bonds, in keeping with the terms and conditions of the law authorizing same, are payable in series of $100,000 each, maturing on January 1, 1944, with the rest maturing each January 1, successively, until January 1, 1960.
Act No. 23, enacted November 22, 1917	Bond Issue of 1918-59	4%	200,000.00	These bonds, in keeping with the terms and conditions of the law authorizing same, are payable in series of $100,000 each, with the first maturing on Jan. 1, 1958, and the second on Jan. 1, 1959.
C.R. No. 47, enacted July 23, 1921	Bond Issue of 1922-62	5%	250,000.00	These bonds, in keeping with the terms and conditions of the law authorizing same, are payable in series of $150 and $100 each, with the first maturing on Jan. 1, 1961, and the second on Jan. 1, 1962.
C.R. No. 18, enacted May 15, 1925	Bond Issue of 1925-63	4½%	125,000.00	These bonds, in keeping with the terms and conditions of the law authorizing same, are payable in full on Jan. 1, 1963.
Act No. 21, enacted June 6, 1927	Bond Issue of 1927-63	4½%	500,000.00	These bonds, in keeping with the terms and conditions of the law authorizing same, are payable in series of $100,000 each, with the first maturing on Jan. 1, 1959, and the second on Jan. 1, successively until 1963.
	Bonds, Irrigation of Isabela:
Act. No. 59 of 1919, amended by Act No. 59 of 1929	Bond Issue of 1923-68	4½%	2,800,000.00	These bonds, in keeping with the terms and conditions of the law authorizing same, are payable in series of $75,000 each, with the first maturing on Jan. 1, 1929, and the rest on Jan. 1, successively each year until Jan. 1, 1968; however any or all of said bonds maturing after Jan. 1, 1939, may be redeemed as authorized by the Government of Puerto Rico on or after Jan. 1, 1939 at a 5% premium.
C.R. No. 12, enacted July 3, 1929	Bond Issue of 1929-73	4½%	1,250,000.00	These bonds, in keeping with the terms and conditions of the law authorizing same, are payable in series of different denominations, with the first maturing on July 1, 1952 and the last on July 1, 1973.
	Bonds, Toro Negro:
Act No. 23 of 1930, amended by Act No. 7 of 1931, amended by Act No. 8 of 1932	Bond Issue of 1931-51	4¼%	500,000.00	These bonds, in keeping with the terms and conditions of the law authorizing same, were issued in September 1931, maturing in full on Jan. 1, 1950. The Government of Puerto Rico reserves the right to redeem all or any part thereof at a premium on any date after the first 10 years of their issuance.
Act No. 23 of 1930, amended by Act No. 7 of 1931, amended by Act No. 8 of 1932	Bond Issue of 1932 – 1952	5%	500,000.00	These bonds, in keeping with the terms and conditions of the law authorizing same, were issued in November 1932. The Government of Puerto Rico reserves the right to redeem all or any part thereof at a premium after 10 years of their issuance.
	Bonds for Public Improvements
Act No. 23, enacted March 28, 1914	Bond Issue of 1914 – 39	4%	988,000.00	These bonds, in keeping with the terms and conditions of the law authorizing same, mature in full on January 1, 1939, but the Government of Puerto Rico reserves the right to redeem them in full at a premium on January 1, 1925, or on any date subsequently for payment of interest.
Act No. 49, enacted June 13, 1919	Bond Issue of 1920 – 40	4½%	1,000,000.00	These bonds, in keeping with the terms and conditions of the law authorizing same, are payable in series of $250,000, with the Government of Puerto Rico reserving the right to redeem all or any part thereof at a premium on January 1, 1936, or on any date thereafter for payment of interest.
Act No. 62, enacted July 16, 1921	Bond Issue of 1922 – 48	5%	2,000,000.00	These bonds, in keeping with the terms and conditions of the law authorizing same, are payable in series of $250,000, with the first maturing on Jan. 1, 1941, and the remainder on Jan. 1 in the subsequent years until 1948, with the Government of Puerto Rico reserving the right to redeem all or any part thereof at a premium on January 1, 1930, or on any date thereafter for payment of interest.
Act No. 13, enacted August 29, 1923, amended by Act No. 90, enacted August 22, 1925	Bond Issue of 1923 – 55	5%	6,000,000.00	These bonds, in keeping with the terms and conditions of the law authorizing same, are payable in series of $500,000, with the first maturing on Jan. 1, 1944, and the last maturing on July 1, 1955, with the Treasurer of Puerto Rico being authorized to amortize all or any number of said bonds at a premium on July 1, 1943, or on any date indicated thereafter for payment of interest.
Act No. 70, enacted August 17, 1925	Bond Issue of 1926 – 59	4½%	2,000,000.00	These bonds, in keeping with the terms and conditions of the law authorizing same, are payable in series of $500,000, with the first maturing on July 1, 1956, and the last on July 1, 1959, with the Government of Puerto Rico reserving the right to redeem all or any part thereof at a premium on January 1, 1956, or on any date thereafter for payment of interest.
Act. No. 20, enacted June 4, 1927	Bond Issue of 1927 - 63	4½%	2,000,000.00	These bonds, in keeping with the terms and conditions of the law authorizing same, are payable in series of $500,000, with the first maturing on July 1, 1960, and the last on July 1, 1963, remainder on Jan. 1 in the subsequent years until 1948, with the Treasurer of Puerto Rico being authorized to reserve the right for the Government of Puerto Rico to redeem all or any part thereof at a premium on January 1, 1960, or on any date thereafter for payment of interest.
	Conversion Bonds, Municipalities and School Boards
Act No. 120, enacted on July 26, 1913	Bond Issue of 1914 – 53	4%	250,000.00	The balance of these bonds, in keeping with the terms and conditions of the law authorizing same, mature as follows: On July 1, 1943. $100,000 and on July 1, 1953, $150,000.
Act No. 120, enacted on July 26, 1913	Bond Issue of 1915 – 36	4%	9,000.00	This balance matures on July 1, 1935, in keeping with the terms and conditions of the law authorizing same.
	Bonds for the Construction of Homes for Artisans and Workers
Act No. 28, enacted on November 27, 1917	Bond Issue of 1920 – 45	4½%	250,000.00	These bonds, in keeping with the terms and conditions of the law authorizing same, were issued January 1, 1920, and are payable in full on January 1, 1945. They be redeemed in full or in part on any date indicated for the payment of interest after 10 years of their issuance, i.e., January 1, 1930.
	Bonds for the Construction and Furnishings for a High School in the City of San Juan and for completion of a High School in the City of Ponce
Act No. 25, enacted on March 16, 1918	Bond Issue of 1920 – 1945	4½%	300,000.00	These bonds, in keeping with the terms and conditions of the law authorizing same, were issued January 1, 1920. The Government of Puerto Rico reserves the right to redeem all or any part thereof at a premium on any date indicated after 10 years of their issuance.
	Bonds for the Construction of Barrio Obrero [Workers’ Sector] in San Juan
Act No. 19, enacted on May 13, 1920	Bond Issue of 1928 – 42	4½%	500,000.00	These bonds, in keeping with the terms and conditions of the law authorizing same, are payable in series of $250,000, with the first maturing on Jan. 1, 1941, and the last maturing on Jan. 1, 1942, with the Executive Council of Puerto Rico being authorized to grant the right to the Government of Puerto Rico to redeem all or any part thereof at a premium on Jan. 1, 1940, or on any date indicated thereafter for payment of interest.
	Bonds for the Construction of Muñoz Rivera Park
Act No. 84, enacted on August 2, 1923	Bond Issue of 1924 – 38	4½%	60,000.00	These balance of these bonds, in keeping with the terms and conditions of the law authorizing same, are payable in series beginning on Jan. 1, 1930, through Jan. 1, 1938. They be redeemed in full or in part on any date indicated at a premium for the payment of interest. The Government of Puerto Rico shall pay half and the Government of the Capital City shall pay the other half.
	Bonds for Purchasing and Equipping a Firing Range and Aviation Site
Act No. 33, enacted June 17, 1925	Bond Issue of 1945 – 48	4½%	200,000.00	These bonds, in keeping with the terms and conditions of the law authorizing same, are payable in series of $50,000, with the first maturing on July 1, 1945, and the last maturing on July 1, 1948, with the Treasurer of Puerto Rico being authorized to amortize all or any part thereof at a premium on July 1, 1935, or on any date indicated thereafter for payment of interest.
	Bonds for Improvements to the Port of San Juan
Act No. 65, enacted May 2, 1928	Bond Issue of 1929 – 51	4½%	320,000.00	These bonds, in keeping with the terms and conditions of the law authorizing same, mature in full on January 1, 1954, with the Government of Puerto Rico reserving the right to redeem them in full or in part thereof as authorized on any date indicated for the payment of interest after 10 years of their issuance.
	Bonds for Consolidation of the Floating Debt
Act No. 5, enacted April 9, 1930	Bond Issue of 1930 – 40	4½%	2,400,000.00	The balance of these bonds, in keeping with the terms and conditions of the law authorizing same, are payable in series of $400,000 with each maturing July 1, 1935, and each year thereafter until 1940.
	Bonds for Payment of Obligations Assumed by the Former Workers Indemnification Commission
C.R. No. 50, enacted May 5, 1930	Bond Issue of 1930 – 50	4½%	400,000.00	These bonds, in keeping with the terms and conditions of the law authorizing same, are payable in series of $25,000 with each maturing July 1, 1935, and each year thereafter until 1950.
	Bonds for Purchasing Land for Use in Agricultural Farms Under the Provisions of the Homestead Act
Act No. 4 of the Second Extraordinary Legislative Session, enacted December 14, 1931	Bond Issue of 1932 – 52	4½%	323,000.00	These bonds, in keeping with the terms and conditions of the law authorizing same, are redeemable on January 1, 1952, with the Government of Puerto Rico reserving the right to redeem them in full or in part thereof as authorized on any date indicated for the payment of interest after 10 years of their issuance
Total Debt, Insular Bonds, up through December 31, 1934			$27,825,000.00

Exhibit 2 – Municipal Public Debt with interest on every loan, based on a uniform 1% annual rate

Exhibit No. 2Breakdown of debt by municipality as of July 1, 1935, including interest cost for the term of each loan at its corresponding interest rate,and interest cost during the term of each loan at an uniform 1% annual rate
Fund	Municipality	Loan Type	Loan Term	Maturities	Interest Rate	Loan Amount	Balance, July 1, 1935	Total Debt, July 1, 1935	Interest to Term	Total Interest	Interest at 1%	Total Interest at 1%	Savings	Total Savings
CAE .006	Adjuntas	Bonds	1922-47	July 1	5%	$150,000.00	$102,000.00	$102,000.00	$36,100.00	$36,100.00	$7,220.00	$7,220.00	$28,880.00	$28,880.00
CAE .003	Aguada	Bonds	1922-50	July 1	6%	85,000.00	67,000.00		36,900.00		6,150.00		30,750.00
F. O.	Aguada	Promissory Notes	1929-39	July 1	7%	9,000.00	4,000.00	71,000.00	600.00	37,500.00	100.00	6,250.00	500.00	31,250.00
CAE .005	Aguadilla	Bonds	1922-51	July 1	5%	185,000.00	160,000.00		65,450.00		13,090.00		52,360.00
CAE .005	Aguadilla	Bonds	1915-36	July 1	4½%	100,000.00	5,000.00	165,000.00	225.00	65,675.00	50.00	13,140.00	175.00	52,535.00
CAE .004	Aguas Buenas	Bonds	1922-49	July 1	6%	45,000.00	33,000.00	33,000.00	16,200.00	16,200.00	2,700.00	2,700.00	13,500.00	13,500.00
CAE .003	Aibonito	Bonds	1922-60	July 1	5%	70,000.00	61,000.00		48,500.00		9,700.00		38,800.00
F. O.	Aibonito	Promissory Notes	1924-38	July 1	6%	17,000.00	5,100.00		510.00		102.00		408.00
F. O.	Aibonito	Promissory Notes	1925-39	July 1	7%	7,800.00	3,120.00	69,220.00	546.00	49,556.00	78.00	9,880.00	468.00	39,676.00
CAE .004	Añasco	Bonds	1922-52	July 1	6%	120,000.00	88,000.00		50,220.00		8,370.00		41,850.00
CAE .002	Añasco	Bonds	1925-75	July 1	5%	75,000.00	71,500.00	159,500.00	95,400.00	145,620.00	19,080.00	27,450.00	76,320.00	118,170.00
CAE .005	Arecibo	Bonds	1920-40	July 1	5½%	592,000.00	200,000.00		33,000.00		6,000.00		27,000.00
F. O.	Arecibo	Promissory Notes	1926-37	July 1	5⅜%	135,000.00	35,000.00		2,848.75		530.00		2,318.75
F. O.	Arecibo	Promissory Notes	1928-38	July 1	6½%	50,000.00	30,000.00		3,900.00		600.00		3,300.00
F. O.	Arecibo	Promissory Notes	1920-46	July 1	5¾%	45,000.00	38,000.00	303,000.00	14,432.50	54,181.25	2,510.00	9,640.00	11,922.50	44,541.25
CAE .0044	Arroyo	Bonds	1922-43	July 1	5½%	120,000.00	63,000.00		16,115.00		2,930.00		13,185.00
CAE .002	Arroyo	Promissory Notes	1925-38	July 1	7%	29,780.50	8,780.50	71,780.50	1,213.87	17,328.87	173.41	3,103.41	1,040.46	14,225.46
CAE .004	Barceloneta	Bonds	1925-66	July 1	5%	230,000.00	215,000.00	215,000.00	215,100.00	215,100.00	43,020.00	43,020.00	172,080.00	172,080.00
CAE .005	Barranquitas	Bonds	1922-56	July 1	6%	45,000.00	31,500.00		20,790.00		3,465.00		17,325.00
F. I.	Barranquitas	Promissory Notes	1930-36	July 1	7%	2,000.00	400.00	31,900.00	28.00	20,818.00	4.00	3,469.00	24.00	17,349.00
CAE .006	Bayamón	Bonds	1922-52	Ene. 1 - Jul. 1	5%	500,000.00	374,000.00		168,900.00		33,780.00		135,120.00
F. O.	Bayamón	Promissory Notes	1924-42	July 1	6%	50,000.00	21,000.00		5,040.00		840.00		4,200.00
F. I.	Bayamón	Promissory Notes	1924-37	July 1	6%	13,000.00	2,000.00	397,000.00	150.00	174,090.00	30.00	34,650.00	120.00	139,440.00
CAE .003	Cabo Rojo	Bonds	1923-56	July 1	5½%	138,000.00	114,000.00		80,410.00		14,620.00		65,790.00
F. O.	Cabo Rojo	Promissory Notes	1926-44	Ene. 1 - Jul. 1	6%	34,000.00	16,055.54	130,055.54	4,334.70	84,744.70	722.45	15,342.45	3,612.25	69,402.25
CAE .0043	Caguas	Bonds	1922-47	July 1	5%	400,000.00	192,000.00		62,400.00		12,480.00		49,920.00
CAE .0013	Caguas	Promissory Notes	1928-41	July 1	5%	146,000.00	104,000.00	296,000.00	18,800.00	81,200.00	3,760.00	16,240.00	15,040.00	64,960.00
CAE .004	Camuy	Bonds	1922-58	July 1	5½%	90,000.00	66,000.00		41,745.00		7,590.00		34,155.00
CAE .0015	Camuy	Bonds	1925-48	July 1	5%	60,000.00	50,000.00	116,000.00	19,200.00	60,945.00	3,840.00	11,430.00	15,360.00	49,515.00
F. I.	Carolina	Bonds	1924-62	July 1	5½%	51,000.00	46,000.00		43,560.00		7,920.00		35,640.00
CAE .005	Carolina	Bonds	1925-56	July 1	5%	255,000.00	225,000.00	271,000.00	139,250.00	182,810.00	27,850.00	35,770.00	111,400.00	147,040.00
CAE .003	Cayey	Bonds	1922-50	July 1	5%	280,000.00	194,000.00		77,250.00		15,450.00		61,800.00
CAE .0005	Cayey	Promissory Notes	1926-42	July 1	6%	18,000.00	10,800.00	204,800.00	2,820.00	80,070.00	470.00	15,920.00	2,350.00	64,150.00
CAE .005	Ceiba	Bonds	1923-55	July 1	5½%	75,000.00	61,000.00		39,050.00		7,100.00		31,950.00
CAE .0035	Ceiba	Promissory Notes	1926-36	July 1	6%	24,355.00	3,044.38	64,044.38	167.42	39,217.42	30.44	7,130.44	136.98	32,086.98
CAE .004	Ciales	Bonds	1922-53	July 1	6%	130,000.00	102,000.00		64,560.00		10,760.00		53,800.00
CAE .002	Ciales	Bonds	1925-47	July 1	5%	45,000.00	30,000.00		9,750.00		1,950.00		7,800.00
F. O.	Ciales	Bonds	1915-39	July 1	4½%	28,500.00	3,000.00	135,000.00	472.50	74,782.50	105.00	12,815.00	367.50	61,967.50
CAE .005	Cidra	Bonds	1922-72	July 1	5%	92,000.00	76,000.00		74,000.00		14,800.00		59,200.00
CAE .0015	Cidra	Promissory Notes	1925-40	July 1	7%	15,000.00	5,000.00	81,000.00	1,050.00	75,050.00	150.00	14,950.00	900.00	60,100.00
CAE .0045	Coamo	Bonds	1923-50	July 1	5¼%	130,000.00	95,000.00	95,000.00	43,627.50	43,627.50	8,310.00	8,310.00	35,317.50	35,317.50
CAE .0025	Comerío	Bonds	1922-44	July 1	6%	110,000.00	66,000.00	66,000.00	21,420.00	21,420.00	3,570.00	3,570.00	17,850.00	17,850.00
CAE .002	Corozal	Bonds	1922-45	July 1	6%	20,500.00	10,500.00	10,500.00	3,600.00	3,600.00	600.00	600.00	3,000.00	3,000.00
CAE .0035	Dorado	Bonds	1922-42	July 1	6%	84,000.00	27,000.00	27,000.00	6,300.00	6,300.00	1,050.00	1,050.00	5,250.00	5,250.00
CAE .005	Fajardo	Bonds	1923-51	July 1	5½%	300,000.00	245,000.00		131,725.00		23,950.00		107,775.00
F. I.	Fajardo	Promissory Notes	1928-38	July 1	7%	6,000.00	1,800.00	246,800.00	252.00	131,977.00	36.00	23,986.00	216.00	107,991.00
F. O. - F. I.	Guánica	Bonds	1924-43	July 1	5½%	63,000.00	32,000.00		7,920.00		1,440.00		6,480.00
F. I.	Guánica	Promissory Notes	1926-36	July 1	6%	8,500.00	850.00	32,850.00	46.75	7,966.75	8.50	1,448.50	38.25	6,518.25
F. O.	Guayama	Bonds	1925-63	July 1	5%	123,000.00	102,000.00		78,450.00		15,690.00		62,760.00
CAE .0022	Guayama	Bonds	1923-43	July 1	6%	175,000.00	95,000.00		27,600.00		4,600.00		23,000.00
F. O.	Guayama	Promissory Notes	1934-40	July 1	7%	30,000.00	25,000.00		5,250.00		750.00		4,500.00
CAE .0008	Guayama	Promissory Notes	1931-43	July 1	6%	35,000.00	32,000.00		9,420.00		1,570.00		7,850.00
F. I.	Guayama	Promissory Notes	1927-42	July 1	6%	28,000.00	14,000.00		3,360.00		560.00		2,800.00
F. O.	Guayama	Promissory Notes	1931-36	July 1	6%	11,200.00	2,240.00		100.80		16.80		84.00
F. O. - F. I.	Guayama	Promissory Notes	1930-36	July 1	7%	9,000.00	1,800.00		126.00		18.00		108.00
F. O.	Guayama	Promissory Notes	1928-42	July 1	6%	20,000.00	14,000.00	286,040.00	3,360.00	127,666.80	560.00	23,764.80	2,800.00	103,902.00
CAE .004	Guayanilla	Bonds	1922-47	July 1	5½%	111,000.00	76,000.00		29,205.00		5,310.00		23,895.00
F. O.	Guayanilla	Promissory Notes	1931-36	July 1	7%	2,500.00	500.00	76,500.00	35.00	29,240.00	5.00	5,315.00	30.00	23,925.00
CAE .003	Guaynabo	Bonds	1928-65	July 1	5%	76,500.00	73,500.00	73,500.00	71,650.00	71,650.00	14,330.00	14,330.00	57,320.00	57,320.00
CAE .001	Gurabo	Bonds	1924-55	July 1	5½%	26,000.00	24,000.00		15,620.00		2,840.00		12,780.00
CAE .003	Gurabo	Bonds	1922-51	July 1	6%	80,000.00	53,000.00		28,680.00		4,780.00		23,900.00
F. O.	Gurabo	Promissory Notes	1931-46	January 1	7%	13,500.00	11,000.00	88,000.00	4,235.00	48,535.00	605.00	8,225.00	3,630.00	40,310.00
CAE .004	Hatillo	Bonds	1922-57	July 1	5½%	85,000.00	65,000.00		45,787.50		8,325.00		37,462.50
CAE .0015	Hatillo	Bonds	1925-62	July 1	5%	40,000.00	37,500.00	102,500.00	33,325.00	79,112.50	6,665.00	14,990.00	26,660.00	64,122.50
CAE .0025	Humacao	Bonds	1921-44	July 1	5½%	180,000.00	81,000.00		22,275.00		4,050.00		18,225.00
F. I.	Humacao	Bonds	1924-52	July 1	5½%	83,000.00	62,000.00		33,495.00		6,090.00		27,405.00
F. O.	Humacao	Bonds	1914-37	January 1	4½%	60,000.00	6,000.00		270.00		60.00		210.00
F. O.	Humacao	Promissory Notes	1934-41	July 1	7%	12,000.00	12,000.00		2,940.00		420.00		2,520.00
F. O. - F. I.	Humacao	Promissory Notes	1928-40	July 1	7%	10,000.00	5,000.00	166,000.00	1,050.00	60,030.00	150.00	10,770.00	900.00	49,260.00
CAE .004	Isabela	Bonds	1924-69	July 1	5%	100,000.00	99,000.00	99,000.00	116,850.00	116,850.00	23,370.00	23,370.00	93,480.00	93,480.00
CAE .003	Jayuya	Bonds -	1925-61	July 1	5%	70,000.00	60,000.00		45,200.00		9,040.00		36,160.00
F. O.	Jayuya	Promissory Notes	1928-36	July 1	6%	6,000.00	857.16	60,857.16	51.42	45,251.42	8.57	9,048.57	42.85	36,202.85
CAE .0035	Juana Diaz	Bonds	1921-46	July 1	6%	200,000.00	122,000.00		46,920.00		7,820.00		39,100.00
F. I.	Juana Díaz	Bonds	1923-46	July 1	6%	50,000.00	28,000.00		10,980.00		1,830.00		9,150.00
F. O.	Juana Diaz	Promissory Notes	1930-39	July 1	7%	4,000.00	2,000.00		350.00		50.00		300.00
F. O.	Juana Díaz	Promissory Notes	1930-39	July 1	7%	31,082.56	12,433.16	164,433.16	2,175.81	60,425.81	310.83	10,010.83	1,864.98	50,414.98
CAE .0035	Juncos	Bonds	1922-44	July 1	6%	88,000.00	36,000.00		10,800.00		1,800.00		9,000.00
F. O.	Juncos	Promissory Notes	1918-37	July 1	4%	9,000.00	1,000.00		60.00		15.00		45.00
CAE .0005	Juncos	Promissory Notes	1925-37	July 1	6%	10,000.00	2,000.00	39,000.00	150.00	11,010.00	25.00	1,840.00	125.00	9,170.00
F. I.	Lajas	Bonds	1922-38	July 1	5½%	30,000.00	6,000.00		660.00		120.00		540.00
CAE .004	Lajas	Bonds	1923-51	July 1	6%	116,000.00	92,000.00	98,000.00	52,440.00	53,100.00	8,740.00	8,860.00	43,700.00	44,240.00
CAE .004	Lares	Bonds	1924-64	July 1	5%	170,000.00	154,000.00	154,000.00	141,550.00	141,550.00	28,310.00	28,310.00	113,240.00	113,240.00
CAE .0035	Las Marías	Bonds	1924-53	July 1	5%	70,000.00	61,000.00	61,000.00	33,000.00	33,000.00	6,600.00	6,600.00	26,400.00	26,400.00
CAE .002	Las Piedras	Bonds	1925-48	July 1	5%	30,000.00	26,000.00		10,250.00		2,050.00		8,200.00
CAE .003	Las Piedras	Bonds	1923-54	July 1	6%	60,000.00	52,000.00	78,000.00	37,380.00	47,630.00	6,230.00	8,280.00	31,150.00	39,350.00
CAE .001	Loíza	Bonds	1923-47	July 1	6%	72,000.00	43,200.00		16,848.00		2,808.00		14,040.00
CAE .002	Loíza	Bonds	1922-47	July 1	5%	100,000.00	60,000.00	103,200.00	19,500.00	36,348.00	3,900.00	6,708.00	15,600.00	29,640.00
CAE .005	Luquillo	Bonds	1923-55	July 1	6%	90,000.00	76,000.00	76,000.00	56,640.00	56,640.00	9,440.00	9,440.00	47,200.00	47,200.00
CAE .0014	Manatí	Bonds	1922-41	July 1	6%	115,000.00	45,000.00		9,900.00		1,650.00		8,250.00
CAE .003	Manatí	Bonds	1923-41	July 1	5½%	135,000.00	75,000.00	120,000.00	16,500.00	26,400.00	3,000.00	4,650.00	13,500.00	21,750.00
CAE .0029	Maricao	Promissory Notes	1921-36	July 1	7%	45,000.00	3,000.00	3,000.00	210.00	210.00	30.00	30.00	180.00	180.00
CAE .0045	Maunabo	Bonds	1922-46	July 1	6%	60,000.00	33,000.00		11,880.00		1,980.00		9,900.00
CAE .0012	Maunabo	Bonds	1925-60	July 1	5%	20,000.00	17,500.00	50,500.00	13,950.00	25,830.00	2,790.00	4,770.00	11,160.00	21,060.00
F. I. - F. O.	Mayagüez	Bonds	1922-38	July 1	5½%	80,000.00	22,000.00		2,475.00		450.00		2,025.00
CAE .005	Mayagüez	Bonds	1923-54	July 1	5½%	700,000.00	557,000.00		350,350.00		63,700.00		286,650.00
CAE .001	Mayagüez	Bonds	1925-56	July 1	5%	150,000.00	135,000.00	714,000.00	84,950.00	437,775.00	16,990.00	81,140.00	67,960.00	356,635.00
CAE .005	Moca	Bonds	1925-56	July 1	5%	65,000.00	59,000.00	59,000.00	40,500.00	40,500.00	8,100.00	8,100.00	32,400.00	32,400.00
CAE .005	Morovis	Bonds	1923-56	July 1	6%	80,000.00	70,000.00	70,000.00	54,660.00	54,660.00	9,110.00	9,110.00	45,550.00	45,550.00
CAE .005	Naguabo	Bonds	1921-44	July 1	6%	160,000.00	72,000.00		21,600.00		3,600.00		18,000.00
CAE .0008	Naguabo	Promissory Notes	1928-36	July 1	6%	13,500.00	1,250.00	73,250.00	75.00	21,675.00	12.50	3,612.50	62.50	18,062.50
CAE .003	Naranjito	Bonds	1923-45	July 1	6%	20,000.00	10,000.00	10,000.00	3,300.00	3,300.00	550.00	550.00	2,750.00	2,750.00
CAE .0015	Orocovis	Promissory Notes	1930-38	July 1	7%	8,000.00	3,400.00	3,400.00	483.00	483.00	69.00	69.00	414.00	414.00
CAE .0035	Patillas	Bonds	1924-56	July 1	6%	80,000.00	65,500.00		50,250.00		8,375.00		41,875.00
F. O.	Patillas	Promissory Notes	1930-43	July 1	7%	10,000.00	6,666.68		2,100.00		300.00		1,800.00
F. O.	Patillas	Promissory Notes	1925-41	July 1	7%	7,309.87	2,809.87	74,976.55	655.20	53,005.20	93.60	8,768.60	561.60	44,236.60
CAE .004	Peñuelas	Promissory Notes	1925-37	July 1	7%	28,000.00	5,600.00		588.00		84.00		504.00
F. I.	Peñuelas	Promissory Notes	1930-40	July 1	3%	1,750.00	875.00	6,475.00	78.75	666.75	26.25	110.25	52.50	558.50
CAE .002	Ponce	Bonds	1927-59	July 1	4½%	650,000.00	575,000.00		378,000.00		84,000.00		294,000.00
F. O.	Ponce	Bonds	1927-61	July 1	4½%	600,000.00	520,000.00		315,900.00		70,200.00		245,700.00
CAE .004	Ponce	Bonds	1922-39	July 1	5%	1,375,000.00	465,000.00		60,500.00		12,100.00		48,400.00
F. O. - F. I.	Ponce	Promissory Notes	1933-38	Jan. 1 - Jul. 1	5%	43,000.00	25,800.00		3,160.50		451.50		2,709.00
F. O. - F. I.	Ponce	Promissory Notes	1929-36	Jan. 1 - Jul. 1	6%	200,000.00	11,750.00		528.78		88.13		440.65
F. O.	Ponce	Promissory Notes	1929-37	July 1	6%	50,000.00	20,000.00		1,800.00		300.00		1,500.00
F. O.	Ponce	Promissory Notes	1929-50	July 1	6%	55,000.00	55,000.00		33,000.00		3,500.00		29,500.00
F. O.	Ponce	Promissory Notes	1935-44	July 1	5%	50,000.00	48,000.00		14,350.00		2,870.00		11,480.00
F. O.	Ponce	Promissory Notes	1913-53	July 1	4½%	390,000.00	270,000.00	1,990,550.00	156,690.00	963,929.28	34,820.00	208,329.63	121,870.00	755,599.65
CAE .004	Quebradillas	Promissory Notes	1924-70	July 1	5%	70,000.00	69,000.00	69,000.00	77,900.00	77,900.00	15,580.00	15,580.00	62,320.00	62,320.00
CAE .002 - F. I.	Rincón	Promissory Notes	1928-43	July 1	6%	12,000.00	7,700.00	7,700.00	2,226.00	2,226.00	371.00	371.00	1,855.00	1,855.00
CAE .005	Rio Grande	Bonds	1923-52	July 1	5½%	160,000.00	127,000.00	127,000.00	70,290.00	70,290.00	12,780.00	12,780.00	57,510.00	57,510.00
CAE .0033	Río Piedras	Bonds	1922-37	July 1	5½%	275,000.00	44,000.00		3,630.00		660.00		2,970.00
F. O.	Río Piedras	Promissory Notes	1932-38	January 1	7%	42,000.00	21,000.00		2,205.00		315.00		1,890.00
F. O.	Río Piedras	Promissory Notes	1930-36	January 1	7%	15,000.00	3,000.00	68,000.00	105.00	5,940.00	15.00	990.00	90.00	4,950.00
CAE .0055	Sabana Grande	Bonds	1924-53	July 1	5%	80,000.00	68,000.00		35,950.00		7,190.00		28,760.00
F. O.	Sabana Grande	Promissory Notes	1924-44	July 1	7%	9,000.00	4,050.00	72,050.00	1,417.50	37,367.50	202.50	7,392.50	1,215.00	29,975.00
F. O. - F. I.	Salinas	Bonds	1923-43	July 1	5½%	60,000.00	24,000.00		5,940.00		1,080.00		4,860.00
CAE .002	Salinas	Bonds	1924-50	July 1	5¼%	134,000.00	104,000.00	128,000.00	48,142.50	54,082.50	9,170.00	10,250.00	38,972.50	43,832.50
CAE .004	San Germán	Bonds	1923-52	July 1	6%	156,000.00	116,000.00		67,560.00		11,260.00		56,300.00
F. O.	San Germán	Promissory Notes	1933-42	July 1	7%	5,000.00	3,500.00		980.00		140.00		840.00
F. O.	San Germán	Promissory Notes	1927-37	July 1	7%	4,000.00	800.00		84.00		12.00		72.00
F. I.	San Germán	Promissory Notes	1928-39	July 1	6%	6,000.00	2,400.00		360.00		60.00		300.00
F. O.	San Germán	Promissory Notes	1930-40	July 1	7%	10,000.00	5,000.00	127,700.00	1,050.00	70,034.00	150.00	11,622.00	900.00	58,412.00
F. A.	San Juan	Bonds	1933-54	July 1	5%	1,300,000.00	1,238,000.00		632,500.00		126,500.00		506,000.00
F. O. - F. I.	San Juan	Promissory Notes	1934-36	(Monthly)	6½%	110,000.00	54,116.67		1,240.91		190.91		1,050.00
CAE .0009	San Juan	Bonds	1932-42	Jan. 1 - Jul. 1	4.9375%	482,000.00	346,000.00		62,953.12		12,750.00		50,203.12
F. O.	San Juan	Promissory Notes	1931-36	January 1	5%	35,000.00	10,000.00		250.00		50.00		200.00
CAE .0025	San Juan	Bonds	1917-36	January 1	5%	915,000.00	75,000.00		1,875.00		375.00		1,500.00
CAE .0038	San Juan	Bonds	1922-43	July 1	5%	2,800,000.00	2,000,000.00		497,500.00		99,500.00		398,000.00
CAE .0005	San Juan	Bonds	1922-47	July 1	5%	550,000.00	264,000.00		85,800.00		17,160.00		68,640.00
CAE .002	San Juan	Bonds	1926-68	July 1	4½%	2,500,000.00	2,440,000.00		2,210,400.00		491,200.00		1,719,200.00
F. O.	San Juan	Promissory Notes	1933-38	(Monthly)	5%	188,849.48	110,162.23	6,537,278.90	8,285.80	3,500,804.83	1,657.16	749,383.07	6,628.64	2,751,421.76
CAE .006	San Lorenzo	Bonds	1923-51	July 1	5½%	127,000.00	80,000.00	80,000.00	37,400.00	37,400.00	6,800.00	6,800.00	30,600.00	30,600.00
CAE .0025	San Sebastián	Bonds	1926-64	July 1	5%	85,000.00	80,000.00		71,500.00		14,300.00		57,200.00
CAE .0035	San Sebastián	Bonds	1922-42	July 1	6%	120,000.00	49,000.00	129,000.00	11,760.00	83,260.00	1,960.00	16,260.00	9,800.00	67,000.00
F. O. - F. I.	Santa Isabel	Promissory Notes	1934-54	July 1	7%	60,000.00	57,000.00		39,900.00		5,700.00		34,200.00
F. O.	Santa Isabel	Promissory Notes	1925-38	July 1	6¾%	31,000.00	9,000.00	66,000.00	1,215.00	41,115.00	180.00	5,880.00	1,035.00	35,235.00
CAE .0045	Toa Alta	Bonds	1924-67	July 1	5%	80,000.00	74,000.00	74,000.00	76,000.00	76,000.00	15,200.00	15,200.00	60,800.00	60,800.00
CAE .005	Toa Baja	Bonds	1923-51	July 1	6%	185,000.00	150,000.00	150,000.00	91,800.00	91,800.00	15,300.00	15,300.00	76,500.00	76,500.00
CAE .004	Trujillo Alto	Bonds	1923-56	July 1	5¼%	75,000.00	65,000.00	65,000.00	45,780.00	45,780.00	8,720.00	8,720.00	37,060.00	37,060.00
CAE .0025	Utuado	Bonds	1923-43	July 1	5%	100,000.00	54,000.00	54,000.00	12,750.00	12,750.00	2,550.00	2,550.00	10,200.00	10,200.00
CAE .006	Vega Alta	Bonds	1922-45	July 1	5%	102,000.00	52,000.00		14,750.00		2,950.00		11,800.00
F. O.	Vega Alta	Promissory Notes	1932-36	Junio 30	6%	3,700.00	925.00	52,925.00	55.50	14,805.50	9.25	2,959.25	46.25	11,846.25
CAE .005	Vega Baja	Bonds	1922-57	July 1	6%	200,000.00	152,000.00	152,000.00	115,080.00	115,080.00	19,180.00	19,180.00	95,900.00	95,900.00
CAE .0005	Vieques	Bonds	1925-59	July 1	6%	35,000.00	24,000.00		18,000.00		3,000.00		15,000.00
F. I.	Vieques	Bonds	1924-57	July 1	5½%	40,000.00	32,000.00		20,790.00		3,780.00		17,010.00
CAE .0012	Vieques	Bonds	1924-57	July 1	5½%	60,000.00	44,000.00		27,830.00		5,060.00		22,770.00
F. O.	Vieques	Promissory Notes	1919-39	July 1	4%	20,000.00	4,000.00	104,000.00	400.00	67,020.00	100.00	11,940.00	300.00	55,080.00
CAE .0025	Villalba	Bonds	1927-56	July 1	6%	35,000.00	30,000.00	30,000.00	22,770.00	22,770.00	3,795.00	3,795.00	18,975.00	18,975.00
CAE .004	Yabucoa	Bonds	1924-53	July 1	5½%	250,000.00	200,000.00		123,145.00		22,390.00		100,755.00
F. O.	Yabucoa	Promissory Notes	1934-37	July 1	7%	2,600.00	1,600.00	201,600.00	154.00	123,299.00	22.00	22,412.00	132.00	100,887.00
CAE .003	Yauco	Bonds	1923-49	July 1	6%	130,000.00	84,000.00		39,780.00		6,630.00		33,150.00
F. O.	Yauco	Promissory Notes	1918-38	July 1	4%	40,000.00	6,000.00		480.00		120.00		360.00
CAE .0015	Yauco	Bonds	1924-65	July 1	5½%	80,000.00	73,000.00		78,815.00		14,330.00		64,485.00
F. I.	Yauco	Promissory Notes	1932-63	Dic. 31	7%	31,341.94	28,341.94	191,341.94	28,122.29	147,197.29	4,017.47	25,097.47	24,104.82	122,099.82
Total						$24,770,769.35[38]	$16,782,228.13	$16,782,228.13	$9,069,275.37	$9,069,275.37	$1,812,649.27	$1,812,649.27	$7,256,626.10	$7,256,628.10

Exhibit 3 – Insular Public Debt With Annual Maturities

Exhibit No. 3Table Detailing Insular Public Debt With Annual Maturities
Fiscal Year	Insular Public DebtPayment of principal and interest		Total
	Principal	Interest
1935-36	$520,000.00	$1,257,205.00	$1,777,205.00
1936-37	770,000.00	1,228,180.00	1,998,180.00
1937-38	770,000.00	1,193,530.00	1,963,530.00
1938-39	1,738,000.00	1,139,570.00	2,877,570.00
1939-40	750,000.00	1,086,060.00	1,836,060.00
1940-41	600,000.00	1,046,060.00	1,646,060.00
1941-42	600,000.00	1,017,810.00	1,617,810.00
1942-43	1,450,000.00	975,185.00	2,425,185.00
1943-44	950,000.00	932,185.00	1,882,185.00
1944-45	1,550,000.00	873,810.00	2,423,810.00
1945-46	1,000,000.00	813,185.00	1,813,185.00
1946-47	1,000,000.00	764,935.00	1,764,935.00
1947-48	1,000,000.00	716,685.00	1,716,685.00
1948-49	700,000.00	674,685.00	1,374,685.00
1949-50	700,000.00	641,185.00	1,341,185.00
1950-51	1,175,000.00	597,060.00	1,772,060.00
1951-52	1,503,000.00	534,292.50	2,037,292.50
1952-53	830,000.00	481,925.00	1,311,925.00
1953-54	1,005,000.00	436,125.00	1,441,125.00
1954-55	690,000.00	396,100.00	1,086,100.00
1955-56	695,000.00	363,050.00	1,058,050.00
1956-57	695,000.00	332,275.00	1,027,275.00
1957-58	800,000.00	299,500.00	1,099,500.00
1958-59	905,000.00	262,250.00	1,167,250.00
1959-60	810,000.00	224,525.00	1,034,525.00
1960-61	865,000.00	186,825.00	1,051,825.00
1961-62	820,000.00	148,400.00	968,400.00
1962-63	850,000.00	110,687.50	960,687.50
1963-64	130,000.00	77,500.00	207,500.00
1964-65	140,000.00	71,650.00	211,650.00
1965-66	145,000.00	65,350.00	210,350.00
1966-67	150,000.00	58,825.00	208,825.00
1967-68	160,000.00	52,075.00	212,075.00
1968-69	165,000.00	44,875.00	209,875.00
1969-70	175,000.00	37,450.00	212,450.00
1970-71	185,000.00	29,575.00	214,575.00
1971-72	195,000.00	21,000.00	216,000.00
1972-73	205,000.00	12,750.00	217,750.00
1973-74	75,000.00	1,593.75	76,593.75
Total	$27,466,000.00	$19,205,928.75	$46,671,928.75

Exhibit 4 – Municipal Public Debt, with Corresponding Annual Maturities for Principal and Interest

Exhibit No.4Table detailing municipal public debt, with corresponding annual maturities for principal and interest from 1935-36 through 1974-75
Maturities	Principal	Interest	Total
1935-36	$1,274,138.60	$853,821.43	$2,127,960.03
1936-37	1,114,505.38	790,762.63	1,905,268.01
1937-38	1,085,838.49	731,926.64	1,817,765.13
1938-39	1,043,835.51	675,980.27	1,719,815.78
1939-40	991,947.22	621,532.75	1,613,479.97
1940-41	1,024,982.09	569,661.74	1,594,643.83
1941-42	961,772.21	516,451.97	1,478,224.18
1942-43	976,572.25	467,382.35	1,443,954.60
1943-44	597,494.44	416,960.26	1,014,454.70
1944-45	585,600.00	385,744.44	971,344.44
1945-46	580,100.00	355,300.94	935,400.94
1946-47	575,100.00	325,212.44	900,312.44
1947-48	528,000.00	295,568.94	823,568.94
1948-49	534,000.00	268,251.44	802,251.44
1949-50	531,500.00	240,591.44	772,091.44
1950-51	516,000.00	213,128.94	729,128.94
1951-52	455,000.00	186,523.94	641,523.94
1952-53	423,000.00	163,688.94	586,688.94
1953-54	359,500.00	142,278.94	501,778.94
1954-55	267,000.00	124,083.94	391,083.94
1955-56	272,500.00	110,881.44	383,381.44
1956-57	216,500.00	97,523.94	314,023.94
1957 58	190,500.00	87,183.94	277,683.94
1958-59	213,000.00	78,273.94	291,273.94
1959-60	182,000.00	68,313.94	250,313.94
1960-61	180,000.00	59,763.94	239,763.94
1961-62	158,000.00	51,308.94	209,308.94
1962-63	159,500.00	43,858.94	203,358.94
1963-64	143,841.94	36,661.97	180,503.91
1964-65	135,500.00	29,650.00	165,150.00
1965-66	136,000.00	23,350.00	159,350.00
1966-67	116,000.00	17,050.00	133,050.00
1967-68	194,000.00	11,750.00	205,750.00
1968-69	14,000.00	2,950.00	16,950.00
1969-70	15,000.00	2,250.00	17,250.00
1970-71	11,000.00	1,500.00	12,500.00
1971-72	7,000.00	950.00	7,950.00
1972-73	4,000.00	600.00	4,600.00
1973-74	4,000.00	400.00	4,400.00
1974-75	4,000.00	200.00	4,200.00
Total	$16,782,228.13	$9,069,275.37	$25,851,503.50

Exhibit 5 – Insular and municipal public debt for Puerto Rico with annual maturities

Exhibit No. 5Table detailing insular and municipal public debt for Puerto Ricowith annual maturities
Fiscal Year	Insular			Municipal			Grand Total, Insular and Municipal
	Principal	Interest	Total	Principal	Interest	Total
1935-36	$520,000.00	$1,257,205.00	$1,777,205.00	$1,274,138.60	$853,821.43	$2,127,960.03	$3,905,165.03
1936-37	770,000.00	1,228,180.00	1,998,180.00	1,114,505.38	790,762.63	1,905,268.01	3,903,448.01
1937-38	770,000.00	1,193,530.00	1,963,530.00	1,085,838.49	731,926.64	1,817,765.13	3,781,295.13
1938-39	1,738,000.00	1,139,570.00	2,877,570.00	1,043,835.51	675,980.27	1,719,815.78	4,597,385.78
1939-40	750,000.00	1,086,060.00	1,836,060.00	991,947.22	621,532.75	1,613,479.97	3,449,539.97
1940-41	600,000.00	1,046,060.00	1,646,060.00	1,024,982.09	569,661.74	1,594,643.83	3,240,703.83
1941-42	600,000.00	1,017,810.00	1,617,810.00	961,772.21	516,451.97	1,478,224.18	3,096,034.18
1942-43	1,450,000.00	975,185.00	2,425,185.00	976,572.25	467,382.35	1,443,954.60	3,869,139.60
1943-44	950,000.00	932,185.00	1,882,185.00	597,494.44	416,960.26	1,014,454.70	2,896,639.70
1944-45	1,550,000.00	873,810.00	2,423,810.00	585,600.00	385,744.44	971,344.44	3,395,154.44
1945-46	1,000,000.00	813,185.00	1,813,185.00	580,100.00	355,300.94	935,400.94	2,748,585.94
1946-47	1,000,000.00	764,935.00	1,764,935.00	575,100.00	325,212.44	900,312.44	2,665,247.44
1947-48	1,000,000.00	716,685.00	1,716,685.00	528,000.00	295,568.94	823,568.94	2,540,253.94
1948-49	700,000.00	674,685.00	1,374,685.00	534,000.00	268,251.44	802,251.44	2,176,936.44
1949-50	700,000.00	641,185.00	1,341,185.00	531,500.00	240,591.44	772,091.44	2,113,276.44
1950-51	1,175,000.00	597,060.00	1,772,060.00	516,000.00	213,128.94	729,128.94	2,501,188.94
1951-52	1,503,000.00	534,292.50	2,037,292.50	455,000.00	186,523.94	641,523.94	2,678,816.44
1952-53	830,000.00	481,925.00	1,311,925.00	423,000.00	163,688.94	586,688.94	1,898,613.94
1953-54	1,005,000.00	436,125.00	1,441,125.00	359,500.00	142,278.94	501,778.94	1,942,903.94
1954-55	690,000.00	396,100.00	1,086,100.00	267,000.00	124,083.94	391,083.94	1,477,183.94
1955-56	695,000.00	363,050.00	1,058,050.00	272,500.00	110,881.44	383,381.44	1,441,431.44
1956-57	695,000.00	332,275.00	1,027,275.00	216,500.00	97,523.94	314,023.94	1,341,298.94
1957 58	800,000.00	299,500.00	1,099,500.00	190,500.00	87,183.94	277,683.94	1,377,183.94
1958-59	905,000.00	262,250.00	1,167,250.00	213,000.00	78,273.94	291,273.94	1,458,523.94
1959-60	810,000.00	224,525.00	1,034,525.00	182,000.00	68,313.94	250,313.94	1,284,838.94
1960-61	865,000.00	186,825.00	1,051,825.00	180,000.00	59,763.94	239,763.94	1,291,588.94
1961-62	820,000.00	148,400.00	968,400.00	158,000.00	51,308.94	209,308.94	1,177,708.94
1962-63	850,000.00	110,687.50	960,687.50	159,500.00	43,858.94	203,358.94	1,164,046.44
1963-64	130,000.00	77,500.00	207,500.00	143,841.94	36,661.97	180,503.91	388,003.91
1964-65	140,000.00	71,650.00	211,650.00	135,500.00	29,650.00[39]	165,150.00	376,800.00
1965-66	145,000.00	65,350.00	210,350.00	136,000.00	23,350.00	159,350.00	369,700.00
1966-67	150,000.00	58,825.00	208,825.00	116,000.00	17,050.00	133,050.00	341,875.00
1967-68	160,000.00	52,075.00	212,075.00	194,000.00	11,750.00	205,750.00	417,825.00
1968-69	165,000.00	44,875.00	209,875.00	14,000.00	2,950.00	16,950.00	226,825.00
1969-70	175,000.00	37,450.00	212,450.00	15,000.00	2,250.00	17,250.00	229,700.00
1970-71	185,000.00	29,575.00	214,575.00	11,000.00	1,500.00	12,500.00	227,075.00
1971-72	195,000.00	21,000.00	216,000.00	7,000.00	950.00	7,950.00	223,950.00
1972-73	205,000.00	12,750.00	217,750.00	4,000.00	600.00	4,600.00	222,350.00
1973-74	75,000.00	1,593.75	76,593.75	4,000.00	400.00	4,400.00	80,993.75
1974-75				4,000.00	200.00	4,200.00	4,200.00
Total	$27,466,000.00	$19,205,928.75	$46,671,928.75	$16,782,228.13	$9,069,275.37	$25,851,503.50	$72,523,432.25

Exhibit 6 – Plan A. Amortization Table for a Loan of $50,000,000 Using an Additional Insular Tax

Exhibit No. 6 – Plan ATable detailing amortization for a loan of $50,000,000 using revenues from an additional insular tax (60/100 of 1%: 1936-1976—10/100 of 1%: 1977 – 2016)
Maturities	Capital	Interest(1%)	TotalAnnual Payment	Balance	EstimatedResult of Tax	CumulativeSurplus
July 1, 1936		$500,000.00	$500,000.00	$50,000,000.00	$1,246,000.00	$746,000.00
July 1, 1937	$625,000.00	500,000.00	1,125,000.00	49,375,000.00	1,246,000.00	867,000.00
July 1, 1938	625,000.00	493,750.00	1,118,750.00	48,750,000.00	1,246,000.00	994,250.00
July 1, 1939	625,000.00	487,500.00	1,112,500.00	48,125,000.00	1,246,000.00	1,127,750.00
July 1, 1940	625,000.00	481,250.00	1,106,250.00	47,500,000.00	1,246,000.00	1,267,500.00
July 1, 1941	625,000.00	475,000.00	1,100,000.00	46,875,000.00	1,246,000.00	1,413,500.00
July 1, 1942	625,000.00	468,750.00	1,093,750.00	46,250,000.00	1,246,000.00	1,565,750.00
July 1, 1943	625,000.00	462,500.00	1,087,500.00	45,625,000.00	1,246,000.00	1,724,250.00
July 1, 1944	625,000.00	456,250.00	1,081,250.00	45,000,000.00	1,246,000.00	1,889,000.00
July 1, 1945	625,000.00	450,000.00	1,075,000.00	44,375,000.00	1,246,000.00	2,060,000.00
July 1, 1946	625,000.00	443,750.00	1,068,750.00	43,750,000.00	1,246,000.00	2,237,250.00
July 1, 1947	625,000.00	437,500.00	1,062,500.00	43,125,000.00	1,246,000.00	2,420,750.00
July 1, 1948	625,000.00	431,250.00	1,056,250.00	42,500,000.00	1,246,000.00	2,610,500.00
July 1, 1949	625,000.00	425,000.00	1,050,000.00	41,875,000.00	1,246,000.00	2,806,500.00
July 1, 1950	625,000.00	418,750.00	1,043,750.00	41,250,000.00	1,246,000.00	3,008,750.00
July 1, 1951	625,000.00	412,500.00	1,037,500.00	40,625,000.00	1,246,000.00	3,217,250.00
July 1, 1952	625,000.00	406,250.00	1,031,250.00	40,000,000.00	1,246,000.00	3,432,000.00
July 1, 1953	625,000.00	400,000.00	1,025,000.00	39,375,000.00	1,246,000.00	3,653,000.00
July 1, 1954	625,000.00	393,750.00	1,018,750.00	38,750,000.00	1,246,000.00	3,880,250.00
July 1, 1955	625,000.00	387,500.00	1,012,500.00	38,125,000.00	1,246,000.00	4,113,750.00
July 1, 1956	625,000.00	381,250.00	1,006,250.00	37,500,000.00	1,246,000.00	4,353,500.00
July 1, 1957	625,000.00	375,000.00	1,000,000.00	36,875,000.00	1,246,000.00	4,599,500.00
July 1, 1958	625,000.00	368,750.00	993,750.00	36,250,000.00	1,246,000.00	4,851,750.00
July 1, 1959	625,000.00	362,500.00	987,500.00	35,625,000.00	1,246,000.00	5,110,250.00
July 1, 1960	625,000.00	356,250.00	981,250.00	35,000,000.00	1,246,000.00	5,375,000.00
July 1, 1961	625,000.00	350,000.00	975,000.00	34,375,000.00	1,246,000.00	5,646,000.00
July 1, 1962	625,000.00	343,750.00	968,750.00	33,750,000.00	1,246,000.00	5,923,250.00
July 1, 1963	625,000.00	337,500.00	962,500.00	33,125,000.00	1,246,000.00	6,206,750.00
July 1, 1964	625,000.00	331,250.00	956,250.00	32,500,000.00	1,246,000.00	6,496,500.00
July 1, 1965	625,000.00	325,000.00	950,000.00	31,875,000.00	1,246,000.00	6,792,500.00
July 1, 1966	625,000.00	318,750.00	943,750.00	31,250,000.00	1,246,000.00	7,094,750.00
July 1, 1967	625,000.00	312,500.00	937,500.00	30,625,000.00	1,246,000.00	7,403,250.00
July 1, 1968	625,000.00	306,250.00	931,250.00	30,000,000.00	1,246,000.00	7,718,000.00
July 1, 1969	625,000.00	300,000.00	925,000.00	29,375,000.00	1,246,000.00	8,039,000.00
July 1, 1970	625,000.00	293,750.00	918,750.00	28,750,000.00	1,246,000.00	8,366,250.00
July 1, 1971	625,000.00	287,500.00	912,500.00	28,125,000.00	1,246,000.00	8,699,750.00
July 1, 1972	625,000.00	281,250.00	906,250.00	27,500,000.00	1,246,000.00	9,039,500.00
July 1, 1973	625,000.00	275,000.00	900,000.00	26,875,000.00	1,246,000.00	9,385,500.00
July 1, 1974	625,000.00	268,750.00	893,750.00	26,250,000.00	1,246,000.00	9,737,750.00
July 1, 1975	625,000.00	262,500.00	887,500.00	25,625,000.00	1,246,000.00	10,096,250.00
July 1, 1976	625,000.00	256,250.00	881,250.00	25,000,000.00	1,246,000.00	10,461,000.00
July 1, 1977	625,000.00	250,000.00	875,000.00	24,375,000.00	830,000.00	10,416,000.00
July 1, 1978	625,000.00	243,750.00	868,750.00	23,750,000.00	830,000.00	10,377,250.00
July 1, 1979	625,000.00	237,500.00	862,500.00	23,125,000.00	830,000.00	10,344,750.00
July 1, 1980	625,000.00	231,250.00	856,250.00	22,500,000.00	830,000.00	10,318,500.00
July 1, 1981	625,000.00	225,000.00	850,000.00	21,875,000.00	830,000.00	10,298,500.00
July 1, 1982	625,000.00	218,750.00	843,750.00	21,250,000.00	830,000.00	10,284,750.00
July 1, 1983	625,000.00	212,500.00	837,500.00	20,625,000.00	830,000.00	10,277,250.00
July 1, 1984	625,000.00	206,250.00	831,250.00	20,000,000.00	830,000.00	10,276,000.00
July 1, 1985	625,000.00	200,000.00	825,000.00	19,375,000.00	830,000.00	10,281,000.00
July 1, 1986	625,000.00	193,750.00	818,750.00	18,750,000.00	830,000.00	10,292,250.00
July 1, 1987	625,000.00	187,500.00	812,500.00	18,125,000.00	830,000.00	10,309,750.00
July 1, 1988	625,000.00	181,250.00	806,250.00	17,500,000.00	830,000.00	10,333,500.00
July 1, 1989	625,000.00	175,000.00	800,000.00	16,875,000.00	830,000.00	10,363,500.00
July 1, 1990	625,000.00	168,750.00	793,750.00	16,250,000.00	830,000.00	10,399,750.00
July 1, 1991	625,000.00	162,500.00	787,500.00	15,625,000.00	830,000.00	10,442,250.00
July 1, 1992	625,000.00	156,250.00	781,250.00	15,000,000.00	830,000.00	10,491,000.00
July 1, 1993	625,000.00	150,000.00	775,000.00	14,375,000.00	830,000.00	10,546,000.00
July 1, 1994	625,000.00	143,750.00	768,750.00	13,750,000.00	830,000.00	10,607,250.00
July 1, 1995	625,000.00	137,500.00	762,500.00	13,125,000.00	830,000.00	10,674,750.00
July 1, 1996	625,000.00	131,250.00	756,250.00	12,500,000.00	830,000.00	10,748,500.00
July 1, 1997	625,000.00	125,000.00	750,000.00	11,875,000.00	830,000.00	10,828,500.00
July 1, 1998	625,000.00	118,750.00	743,750.00	11,250,000.00	830,000.00	10,914,750.00
July 1, 1999	625,000.00	112,500.00	737,500.00	10,625,000.00	830,000.00	11,007,250.00
July 1, 2000	625,000.00	106,250.00	731,250.00	10,000,000.00	830,000.00	11,106,000.00
July 1, 2001	625,000.00	100,000.00	725,000.00	9,375,000.00	830,000.00	11,211,000.00
July 1, 2002	625,000.00	93,750.00	718,750.00	8,750,000.00	830,000.00	11,322,250.00
July 1, 2003	625,000.00	87,500.00	712,500.00	8,125,000.00	830,000.00	11,439,750.00
July 1, 2004	625,000.00	81,250.00	706,250.00	7,500,000.00	830,000.00	11,563,500.00
July 1, 2005	625,000.00	75,000.00	700,000.00	6,875,000.00	830,000.00	11,693,500.00
July 1, 2006	625,000.00	68,750.00	693,750.00	6,250,000.00	830,000.00	11,829,750.00
July 1, 2007	625,000.00	62,500.00	687,500.00	5,625,000.00	830,000.00	11,972,250.00
July 1, 2008	625,000.00	56,250.00	681,250.00	5,000,000.00	830,000.00	12,121,000.00
July 1, 2009	625,000.00	50,000.00	675,000.00	4,375,000.00	830,000.00	12,276,000.00
July 1, 2010	625,000.00	43,750.00	668,750.00	3,750,000.00	830,000.00	12,437,250.00
July 1, 2011	625,000.00	37,500.00	662,500.00	3,125,000.00	830,000.00	12,604,750.00
July 1, 2012	625,000.00	31,250.00	656,250.00	2,500,000.00	830,000.00	12,778,500.00
July 1, 2013	625,000.00	25,000.00	650,000.00	1,875,000.00	830,000.00	12,958,500.00
July 1, 2014	625,000.00	18,750.00	643,750.00	1,250,000.00	830,000.00	13,144,750.00
July 1, 2015	625,000.00	12,500.00	637,500.00	625,000.00	830,000.00	13,337,250.00
July 1, 2016	625,000.00	6,250.00	631,250.00	-	830,000.00	13,536,000.00
	$50,000,000.00	$20,750,000.00	$70,750,000.00		$84,286,000.00

Exhibit 7 – Distribution of Tax Rates to be Applied Based on Plan “A.”

Exhibit no. 7Project for distribution of tax rates to be applied based on plan “A”for consolidation of public debt (insular and municipal) andimmediate reduction of property tax
Municipality	Rate1934-35	Insular Proportion	Municipal Proportion	School Tax	University	Special Municipal	Debt Consolidation	Total	Savings
Adjuntas	2.25	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.35
Aguada	1.95	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.05
Aguadilla	2.15	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.25
Aguas Buenas	2.05	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.15
Aibonito	1.95	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.05
Añasco	2.25	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.35
Arecibo	2.13	0.20	0.80	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.23
Arroyo	2.29	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.39
Barceloneta	2.05	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.15
Barranquitas	2.15	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.25
Bayamón	2.35	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20	0.10	0.60	2.00	0.35
Cabo Rojo	1.95	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.05
Caguas	2.25	0.20	0.80	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.35
Camuy	2.20	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.30
Carolina	2.15	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.25
Cataño	2.25	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.35
Cayey	2.10	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.20
Ceiba	2.50	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.60
Ciales	2.30	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20	0.05	0.60	1.95	0.35
Cidra	2.30	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.40
Coamo	2.10	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.20
Comerío	2.20	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.30
Corozal	1.85	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	(0.05)[40]
Dorado	1.99	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.09
Fajardo	2.15	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.25
Guánica	1.65	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	(0.25)
Guayama	1.95	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.05
Guayanilla	2.05	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.15
Guaynabo	1.95	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.05
Gurabo	2.05	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.15
Hatillo	2.20	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.30
Hormigueros	1.85	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20	0.20	0.60	2.10	(0.25)
Humacao	1.90	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	-
Isabela	2.05	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.15
Jayuya	2.15	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20	0.20	0.60	2.10	0.05
Juana Díaz	2.00	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.10
Juncos	2.10	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.20
Lajas	2.05	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.15
Lares	2.20	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.30
Las Marías	2.00	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.10
Las Piedras	2.15	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.25
Loíza	1.95	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.05
Luquillo	2.15	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.25
Manatí	2.19	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20	0.10	0.60	2.00	0.19
Maricao	1.93	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.03
Maunabo	2.22	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.32
Mayagüez	2.25	0.20	0.80	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.35
Moca	2.15	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.25
Morovis	2.15	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.25
Naguabo	2.21	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.31
Naranjito	1.95	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.05
Orocovis	1.80	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	(0.10)
Patillas	2.00	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.10
Peñuelas	2.15	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.25
Ponce	2.40	0.20	0.80	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.50
Quebradillas	2.05	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.15
Rincón	1.85	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20[41]		0.60	1.90	(0.05)
Rio Grande	2.15	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.25
Rio Piedras	1.75	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20	0.10	0.60	2.00	(0.25)
Sabana Grande	2.20	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.30
Salinas	1.85	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	(0.05)
San Germán	2.05	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.15
San Juan	2.54	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20	0.10	0.60	2.00	0.54
San Lorenzo	2.25	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.35
San Sebastián	2.25	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.35
Santa Isabel	1.95	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20	0.30	0.60	2.20	(0.25)
Toa Alta	2.10	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.20
Toa Baja.	2.15	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.25
Trujillo Alto	2.05	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.15
Utuado	1.90	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	-
Vega Alta	2.25	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.35
Vega Baja	2.15	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.25
Vieques	1.82	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	(0.08)
Villalba	1.90	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	-
Yabucoa	2.05	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.15
Yauco	2.10	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.60	1.90	0.20

Exhibit 8 – Plan B. Amortization Table for a Loan of $50,000,000 Using an Additional Insular Tax

Exhibit No. 8-Plan B.Amortization table for a loan of $50,000,000using revenues based on an additional insular tax of30/100-1936-45; 60/100- 1946-1970; 50/100-1971-2000; 40/100-2001-2015
	Maturities	Capital	Interest(1%)	TotalAnnual Payment	Balance	EstimatedResult of Tax	CumulativeSurplus
	July 1, 1936		$500,000	$500,000	$50,000,000	$623,000	$123,000
	July 1, 1937		500,000	500,000	50,000,000	623,000	246,000
	July 1, 1938		500,000	500,000	50,000,000	623,000	369,000
	July 1, 1939		500,000	500,000	50,000,000	623,000	492,000
	July 1, 1940		500,000	500,000	50,000,000	623,000	615,000
	July 1, 1941		500,000	500,000	50,000,000	623,000	738,000
	July 1, 1942		500,000	500,000	50,000,000	623,000	861,000
	July 1, 1943		500,000	500,000	50,000,000	623,000	984,000
	July 1, 1944		500,000	500,000	50,000,000	623,000	1,107,000
	July 1, 1945		500,000	500,000	50,000,000	623,000	1,230,000
1	July 1, 1946	700,000	500,000	1,200,000	49,300,000	1,246,000	1,276,000
2	July 1, 1947	700,000	493,000	1,193,000	48,600,000	1,246,000	1,329,000
3	July 1, 1948	700,000	486,000	1,186,000	47,900,000	1,246,000	1,389,000
4	July 1, 1949	700,000	479,000	1,179,000	47,200,000	1,246,000	1,456,000
5	July 1, 1950	700,000	472,000	1,172,000	46,500,000	1,246,000	1,530,000
6	July 1, 1951	700,000	465,000	1,165,000	45,800,000	1,246,000	1,611,000
7	July 1, 1952	700,000	458,000	1,158,000	45,100,000	1,246,000	1,699,000
8	July 1, 1953	700,000	451,000	1,151,000	44,400,000	1,246,000	1,794,000
9	July 1, 1954	700,000	444,000	1,144,000	43,700,000	1,246,000	1,896,000
10	July 1, 1955	700,000	437,000	1,137,000	43,000,000	1,246,000	2,005,000
11	July 1, 1956	700,000	430,000	1,130,000	42,300,000	1,246,000	2,121,000
12	July 1, 1957	700,000	423,000	1,123,000	41,600,000	1,246,000	2,244,000
13	July 1, 1958	700,000	416,000	1,116,000	40,900,000	1,246,000	2,374,000
14	July 1, 1959	700,000	409,000	1,109,000	40,200,000	1,246,000	2,511,000
15	July 1, 1960	700,000	402,000	1,102,000	39,500,000	1,246,000	2,655,000
16	July 1, 1961	700,000	395,000	1,095,000	38,800,000	1,246,000	2,806,000
17	July 1, 1962	700,000	388,000	1,088,000	38,100,000	1,246,000	2,964,000
15	July 1, 1963	700,000	381,000	1,081,000	37,400,000	1,246,000	3,129,000
19	July 1, 1964	700,000	374,000	1,074,000	36,700,000	1,246,000	3,301,000
20	July 1, 1965	700,000	367,000	1,067,000	36,000,000	1,246,000	3,480,000
21	July 1, 1966	700,000	360,000	1,060,000	35,300,000	1,246,000	3,666,000
22	July 1, 1967	700,000	353,000	1,053,000	34,600,000	1,246,000	3,859,000
23	July 1, 1968	700,000	346,000	1,046,000	33,900,000	1,246,000	4,059,000
24	July 1, 1969	700,000	339,000	1,039,000	33,200,000	1,246,000	4,266,000
25	July 1, 1970	700,000	332,000	1,032,000	32,500,000	1,246,000	4,480,000
26	July 1, 1971	700,000	325,000	1,025,000	31,800,000	1,038,000	4,493,000
27	July 1, 1972	700,000	318,000	1,018,000	31,100,000	1,038,000	4,513,000
28	July 1, 1973	700,000	311,000	1,011,000	30,400,000	1,038,000	4,540,000
29	July 1, 1974	700,000	304,000	1,004,000	29,700,000	1,038,000	4,574,000
30	July 1, 1975	700,000	297,000	997,000	29,000,000	1,038,000	4,615,000
31	July 1, 1976	700,000	290,000	990,000	28,300,000	1,038,000	4,663,000
32	July 1, 1977	700,000	283,000	983,000	27,600,000	1,038,000	4,718,000
33	July 1, 1978	700,000	276,000	976,000	26,900,000	1,038,000	4,780,000
34	July 1, 1979	700,000	269,000	969,000	26,200,000	1,038,000	4,849,000
3.5	July 1, 1980	700,000	262,000	962,000	25,500,000	1,038,000	4,925,000
36	July 1, 1981	700,000	255,000	955,000	24,800,000	1,038,000	5,008,000
37	July 1, 1982	700,000	248,000	948,000	24,100,000	1,038,000	5,098,000
38	July 1, 1983	700,000	241,000	941,000	23,400,000	1,038,000	5,195,000
39	July 1, 1984	700,000	234,000	934,000	22,700,000	1,038,000	5,299,000
40	July 1, 1985	700,000	227,000	927,000	22,000,000	1,038,000	5,410,000
41	July 1, 1986	700,000	220,000	920,000	21,300,000	1,038,000	5,528,000
42	July 1, 1987	700,000	213,000	913,000	20,600,000	1,038,000	5,653,000
43	July 1, 1988	700,000	206,000	906,000	19,900,000	1,038,000	5,785,000
44	July 1, 1989	700,000	199,000	899,000	19,200,000	1,038,000	5,924,000
45	July 1, 1990	700,000	192,000	892,000	18,500,000	1,038,000	6,070,000
46	July 1, 1991	700,000	185,000	885,000	17,800,000	1,038,000	6,223,000
47	July 1, 1992	700,000	178,000	878,000	17,100,000	1,038,000	6,383,000
48	July 1, 1993	700,000	171,000	871,000	16,400,000	1,038,000	6,550,000
49	July 1, 1994	700,000	164,000	864,000	15,700,000	1,038,000	6,724,000
50	July 1, 1995	700,000	157,000	857,000	15,000,000	1,038,000	6,905,000
51	July 1, 1996	700,000	150,000	850,000	14,300,000	1,038,000	7,093,000
52	July 1, 1997	700,000	143,000	843,000	13,600,000	1,038,000	7,288,000
53	July 1, 1998	700,000	136,000	836,000	12,900,000	1,038,000	7,490,000
54	July 1, 1999	700,000	129,000	829,000	12,200,000	1,038,000	7,699,000
55	July 1, 2000	700,000	122,000	822,000	11,500,000	1,038,000	7,915,000
56	July 1, 2001	700,000	115,000	815,000	10,800,000	830,000	7,930,000
57	July 1, 2002	700,000	108,000	808,000	10,100,000	830,000	7,952,000
58	July 1, 2003	700,000	101,000	801,000	9,400,000	830,000	7,981,000
59	July 1, 2004	700,000	94,000	794,000	8,700,000	830,000	8,017,000
60	July 1, 2005	700,000	87,000	787,000	8,000,000	830,000	8,060,000
61	July 1, 2006	800,000	80,000	880,000	7,200,000	830,000	8,010,000
62	July 1, 2007	800,000	72,000	872,000	6,400,000	830,000	7,968,000
63	July 1, 2008	800,000	64,000	864,000	5,600,000	830,000	7,934,000
64	July 1, 2009	800,000	56,000	856,000	4,800,000	830,000	7,908,000
65	July 1, 2010	800,000	48,000	848,000	4,000,000	830,000	7,890,000
66	July 1, 2011	800,000	40,000	840,000	3,200,000	830,000	7,880,000
67	July 1, 2012	800,000	32,000	832,000	2,400,000	830,000	7,878,000
68	July 1, 2013	800,000	24,000	824,000	1,600,000	830,000	7,884,000
69	July 1, 2014	800,000	16,000	816,000	800,000	830,000	7,898,000
70	July 1, 2015	800,000	8,000	808,000		830,000	7,920,000
	Total	$50,000,000	$23,050,000	$73,050,000		$80,970,000

Exhibit 9 – Plan C. Amortization Table for a Loan of $50,000,000 Using an Additional Insular Tax

Exhibit No. 9 – Plan CAmortization Table for a Loan of $50,000,000 Using an Additional Insular Tax OF30/100-1936-55; 60/100-1956-2000; 50/100-2001-2015
	Maturities	Capital	Interest(1%)	TotalAnnual Payment	Balance	EstimatedResult of Tax	CumulativeSurplus
1	July 1, 1936		$500,000	$500,000	$50,000,000	$623,000	$123,000
2	July 1, 1937		500,000	500,000	50,000,000	623,000	246,000
3	July 1, 1938		500,000	500,000	50,000,000	623,000	369,000
4	July 1, 1939		500,000	500,000	50,000,000	623,000	492,000
5	July 1, 1940		500,000	500,000	50,000,000	623,000	615,000
6	July 1, 1941		500,000	500,000	50,000,000	623,000	738,000
7	July 1, 1942		500,000	500,000	50,000,000	623,000	861,000
8	July 1, 1943		500,000	500,000	50,000,000	623,000	984,000
9	July 1, 1944		500,000	500,000	50,000,000	623,000	1,107,000
10	July 1, 1945		500,000	500,000	50,000,000	623,000	1,230,000
11	July 1, 1946		500,000	500,000	50,000,000	623,000	1,353,000
12	July 1, 1947		500,000	500,000	50,000,000	623,000	1,476,000
13	July 1, 1948		500,000	500,000	50,000,000	623,000	1,599,000
14	July 1, 1949		500,000	500,000	50,000,000	623,000	1,722,000
15	July 1, 1950		500,000	500,000	50,000,000	623,000	1,845,000
16	July 1, 1951		500,000	500,000	50,000,000	623,000	1,968,000
17	July 1, 1952		500,000	500,000	50,000,000	623,000	2,091,000
15	July 1, 1953		500,000	500,000	50,000,000	623,000	2,214,000
19	July 1, 1954		500,000	500,000	50,000,000	623,000	2,337,000
20	July 1, 1955		500,000	500,000	50,000,000	623,000	2,460,000
21	July 1, 1956	$800,000	500,000	1,300,000	49,200,000	1,246,000	2,406,000
22	July 1, 1957	800,000	492,000	1,292,000	48,400,000	1,246,000	2,360,000
23	July 1, 1958	800,000	484,000	1,284,000	47,600,000	1,246,000	2,322,000
24	July 1, 1959	800,000	476,000	1,276,000	46,800,000	1,246,000	2,292,000
25	July 1, 1960	800,000	468,000	1,268,000	46,000,000	1,246,000	2,270,000
26	July 1, 1961	800,000	460,000	1,260,000	45,200,000	1,246,000	2,256,000
27	July 1, 1962	800,000	452,000	1,252,000	44,400,000	1,246,000	2,250,000
28	July 1, 1963	800,000	444,000	1,244,000	43,000,000	1,246,000	2,252,000
29	July 1, 1964	800,000	436,000	1,236,000	42,800,000	1,246,000	2,262,000
30	July 1, 1965	800,000	428,000	1,228,000	42,000,000	1,246,000	2,280,000
31	July 1, 1966	800,000	420,000	1,220,000	41,200,000	1,246,000	2,306,000
32	July 1, 1967	800,000	412,000	1,212,000	40,400,000	1,246,000	2,340,000
33	July 1, 1968	800,000	404,000	1,204,000	39,600,000	1,246,000	2,382,000
34	July 1, 1969	800,000	396,000	1,196,000	38,800,000	1,246,000	2,432,000
3.5	July 1, 1970	800,000	388,000	1,188,000	38,000,000	1,246,000	2,490,000
36	July 1, 1971	800,000	380,000	1,180,000	37,200,000	1,246,000	2,556,000
37	July 1, 1972	800,000	372,000	1,172,000	36,400,000	1,246,000	2,630,000
38	July 1, 1973	800,000	364,000	1,164,000	35,600,000	1,246,000	2,712,000
39	July 1, 1974	800,000	356,000	1,156,000	34,800,000	1,246,000	2,802,000
40	July 1, 1975	800,000	348,000	1,148,000	34,000,000	1,246,000	2,900,000
41	July 1, 1976	800,000	340,000	1,140,000	33,200,000	1,246,000	3,006,000
42	July 1, 1977	800,000	332,000	1,132,000	32,400,000	1,246,000	3,120,000
43	July 1, 1978	800,000	324,000	1,124,000	31,600,000	1,246,000	3,242,000
44	July 1, 1979	800,000	316,000	1,116,000	30,800,000	1,246,000	3,372,000
45	July 1, 1980	800,000	308,000	1,108,000	30,000,000	1,246,000	3,510,000
46	July 1, 1981	800,000	300,000	1,100,000	29,200,000	1,246,000	3,656,000
47	July 1, 1982	800,000	292,000	1,092,000	28,400,000	1,246,000	3,810,000
48	July 1, 1983	800,000	284,000	1,084,000	27,600,000	1,246,000	3,972,000
49	July 1, 1984	800,000	276,000	1,076,000	26,800,000	1,246,000	4,142,000
50	July 1, 1985	800,000	268,000	1,068,000	26,000,000	1,246,000	4,320,000
51	July 1, 1986	800,000	260,000	1,060,000	25,200,000	1,246,000	4,506,000
52	Jul o 1, 1987	800,000	252,000	1,052,000	24,400,000	1,246,000	4,700,000
53	July 1, 1988	800,000	244,000	1,044,000	23,600,000	1,246,000	4,902,000
54	July 1, 1989	800,000	236,000	1,036,000	22,800,000	1,246,000	5,112,000
55	July 1, 1990	800,000	228,000	1,028,000	22,000,000	1,246,000	5,330,000
56	July 1, 1991	800,000	220,000	1,020,000	21,200,000	1,246,000	5,556,000
57	July 1, 1992	800,000	212,000	1,012,000	20,400,000	1,246,000	5,790,000
58	July 1, 1993	800,000	204,000	1,004,000	19,600,000	1,246,000	6,032,000
59	July 1, 1994	800,000	196,000	996,000	18,800,000	1,246,000	6,282,000
60	July 1, 1995	800,000	188,000	988,000	18,000,000	1,246,000	6,540,000
61	July 1, 1996	900,000	180,000	1,080,000	17,100,000	1,246,000	6,706,000
62	July 1, 1997	900,000	171,000	1,071,000	16,200,000	1,246,000	6,881,000
63	July 1, 1998	900,000	162,000	1,062,000	15,300,000	1,246,000	7,065,000
64	July 1, 1999	900,000	153,000	1,053,000	14,400,000	1,246,000	7,258,000
65	July 1, 2000	900,000	144,000	1,044,000	13,500,000	1,246,000	7,460,000
66	July 1, 2001	900,000	135,000	1,035,000	12,600,000	1,038,000	7,463,000
67	July 1, 2002	900,000	126,000	1,026,000	11,700,000	1,038,000	7,475,000
68	July 1, 2003	900,000	117,000	1,017,000	10,800,000	1,038,000	7,496,000
69	July 1, 2004	900,000	108,000	1,008,000	9,900,000	1,038,000	7,526,000
70	July 1, 2005	900,000	99,000	999,000	9,000,000	1,038,000	7,565,000
71	July 1, 2006	900,000	90,000	990,000	8,100,000	1,038,000	7,613,000
72	July 1, 2007	900,000	81,000	981,000	7,200,000	1,038,000	7,670,000
73	July 1, 2008	900,000	72,000	972,000	6,300,000	1,038,000	7,736,000
74	July 1, 2009	900,000	63,000	963,000	5,400,000	1,038,000	7,811,000
75	July 1, 2010	900,000	54,000	954,000	4,500,000	1,038,000	7,895,000
76	July 1, 2011	900,000	45,000	945,000	3,600,000	1,038,000	7,988,000
77	July 1, 2012	900,000	36,000	936,000	2,700,000	1,038,000	8,090,000
78	July 1', 2013	900,000	27,000	927,000	1,800,000	1,038,000	8,201,000
79	July 1, 2014	900,000	18,000	918,000	900,000	1,038,000	8,321,000
80	July 1, 2015	900,000	9,000	909,000		1,038,000	8,450,000
	Total	$50,000,000	$25,650,000	$75,650,000		$84,100,000

Exhibit 10 – Distribution of Tax Rates to be Applied Based on Plans “B” and “C”

Exhibit No. 10Project for the distribution of tax rates to be applied based on plans “B” and “C” for consolidation of the (insular and municipal) public debt and immediate reduction to the property tax
Municipality	Tax Rate 1934-35	Insular Proportion	Municipal Proportion	School Tax	University	Special Municipal	Debt Consolidation	Total	Savings
Adjuntas	2.25	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.65
Aguada	1.95	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.35
Aguadilla	2.15	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.55
Aguas Buenas	2.05	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.45
Aibonito	1.95	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.35
Añasco	2.25	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.65
Arecibo	2.13	0.20	0.80	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.53
Arroyo	2.29	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.69
Barceloneta	2.05	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.45
Barranquitas	2.15	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.55
Bayamón	2.35	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20	0.10	0.30	1.70	0.65
Cabo Rojo	1.95	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.35
Caguas	2.25	0.20	0.80	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.65
Camuy	2.20	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.60
Carolina	2.15	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.55
Cataño	2.25	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.65
Cayey	2.10	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.50
Ceiba	2.50	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.90
Ciales	2.30	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20	0.05	0.30	1.65	0.65
Cidra	2.30	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.70
Coamo	2.10	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.50
Comerío	2.20	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.60
Corozal	1.85	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.25
Dorado	1.99	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.39
Fajardo	2.15	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.55
Guánica	1.65	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.05
Guayama	1.95	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.35
Guayanilla	2.05	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.45
Guaynabo	1.95	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.35
Gurabo	2.05	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.45
Hatillo	2.20	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.60
Hormigueros	1.85	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20	0.20	0.30	1.80	0.05
Humacao	1.90	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.30
Isabela	2.05	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.45
Jayuya	2.15	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20	0.20	0.30	1.80	0.35
Juana Díaz	2.00	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.40
Juncos	2.10	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.50
Lajas	2.05	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.45
Lares	2.20	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.60
Las Marías	2.00	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.40
Las Piedras	2.15	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.55
Loíza	1.95	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.35
Luquillo	2.15	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.55
Manatí	2.19	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20	0.10	0.30	1.70	0.49
Maricao	1.93	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.33
Maunabo	2.22	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.62
Mayagüez	2.25	0.20	0.80	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.65
Moca	2.15	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.55
Morovis	2.15	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.55
Naguabo	2.21	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.61
Naranjito	1.95	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.35
Orocovis	1.80	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.20
Patillas	2.00	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.40
Peñuelas	2.15	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.55
Ponce	2.40	0.20	0.80	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.80
Quebradillas	2.05	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.45
Rincón	1.85	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.25
Río Grande	2.15	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.55
Río Piedras	1.75	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20	0.10	0.30	1.70	0.05
Sabana Grande	2.20	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.60
Salinas	1.85	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.25
San Germán	2.05	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.45
San Juan	2.54	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20	0.10	0.30	1.70	0.84
San Lorenzo	2.25	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.65
San Sebastián	2.25	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.65
Santa Isabel	1.95	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20	0.30	0.30	1.90	0.05
Toa Alta	2.10	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.50
Toa Baja	2.15	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.55
Trujillo Alto	2.05	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.45
Utuado	1.90	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.30
Vega Alta	2.25	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.65
Vega Baja	2.15	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.55
Vieques	1.82	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.22
Villalba	1.90	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.30
Yabucoa	2.05	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.45
Yauco	2.10	0.10	0.90	0.10	0.20		0.30	1.60	0.50

Exhibit 11 – Breakdown of Debt Accrued by First-Class Municipalities and the Capital Government for Public Health and Welfare

Exhibit No. 11Breakdown of debt accrued by first-class municipalities and the capital governmentas of June 30, 1933, for public health and welfare
Municipalities	Classification by Item							Distribution by Fiscal Year
	Total	Salaries	Day Wages	Medicine	Health Units	Materials	Other Debt	Debt Prior to 1930-31	1931-32	1932-33	1932-33	Total
Arecibo	$56,806.62	$11,520.00	$1,054.95	$18,752.37	$3,153.71	$3,148.12	$19,177.47	$479.02	$8,833.22	$17,368.71	$30,135.67	$56,806.62
Caguas	21,122.14	5,518.52	3,902.69	5,450.58		490.01	5,760.34	734.17	2,216.87	2,835.44	15,335.66	21,122.14
Mayagüez	8,466.72			566.32	3,400.00	7.80	4,442.60			593.34	7,873.38	8,466.72
Ponce	43,269.04	10,875.38	6,335.35	8,371.17	660.00	3,719.48	13,307.66	3.30		2,187.91	41,077.83	43,269.04
San Juan	120,395.55	6,517.27	1,186.43	38,405.90		14,296.67	60,019.28		2,557.52	4,110.04	76,731.99	120,395.55
Total	$250,060.07	$34,431.17	$12,479.42	$71,546.34	$7,213.71	$21,662.08	$102,707.35	$1,216.49	$13,607.61	$27,095.44	$171,154.53	$250,060.07

Exhibit 11-A – Debt Accrued by Second- and Third-Class Municipalities

Exhibit 11-ABreakdown of debt accrued by second- and third-class municipalitiesas of June 30, 1933, for public health and welfare
Municipalities	Classification by Item							Distribution by Fiscal Year
	Total	Salaries	Day Wages	Medicine	Health Units	Materials	Other Debt	Debt Prior to 1930-31	1931-32	1932-33	1932-33	Total
Adjuntas	$3,483.02	$1,186.02		$828.38	$500.00	$163.87	$164.75			$2,103.07	$1,379.95	$3,483.02
Aguada	3,161.73	2,325.32		448.60			387.81			450.52	2,711.21	3,161.73
Aguadilla[42]
Aguas Buenas	4,997.91	1,710.00	106.68	1,344.45	494.00	337.28	1,005.50	1,048.30	277.25	1,514.32	2,158.04	4,997.91
Aibonito	7,772.74	4,126.35		3,140.88			505.51	79.75	1,326.53	2,090.50	4,275.96	7,772.74
Añasco	3,698.04	3,058.45		482.00			157.59			1,376.60	2,321.44	3,698.04
Arroyo	603.63			385.36			218.27	118.70	4.80	385.36	94.77	603.63
Barceloneta	7,254.12	3,500.27	1,247.00	761.01	415.00	16.00	1,314.84	198.34	472.08	2,144.87	4,438.83	7,254.12
Barranquitas	3,737.86	3,012.77		642.30			82.79	85.56	260.00	1,019.55	2,352.75	3,737.86
Bayamón42
Cabo Rojo	6.10						6.10				6.10	6.10
Camuy	3,271.21	2,838.17		433.04						2,050.00	1,221.21	3,271.21
Carolina	4,812.60	1,169.50		2,524.46			1,118.64	494.20	497.30	1,556.61	2,264.49	4,812.60
Cataño	5,696.20	2,143.00		670.66			2,882.54	246.54	280.57	1,490.49	3,678.60	5,696.20
Cayey	18,312.39	10,000.00		2,241.01	5,349.80	198.84	522.74	53.75	2,471.31	4,326.57	11,480.76	18,312.39
Ceiba	2,193.24			844.75			1,348.49		275.00	481.81	1,436.43	2,193.24
Ciales	3,778.76	1,489.65		907.81		20.85	1,360.45		309.20	740.89	2,728.67	3,778.76
Cidra	4,176.27	3,917.89		258.38					518.38	699.89	2,958.00	4,176.27
Coamo	6,960.43	4,842.10		1,660.32			458.01	1,409.17	1,581.00	924.70	3,045.56	6,960.43
Comerío	6,969.47	4,531.42		2,083.39		121.27	233.39	139.52	486.31	1,606.60	4,737.04	6,969.47
Corozal	2,610.00	2,045.00		565.00				350.00	25.00	600.00	1,635.00	2,610.00
Dorado	2,021.01			1,022.56			998.45			320.05	1,700.96	2,021.01
Fajardo	765.03			135.50			629.53			6.50	758.53	765.03
Guánica[43]
Guayama	5,568.46	266.40		3,606.10		92.54	1,643.42	586.18	276.77	1,553.94	3,151.57	5,568.46
Guayanilla42
Guaynabo	4,370.36	2,414.00		1,530.71	150.00	77.60	198.15		50.00	1,300.54	3,019.82	4,370.36
Gurabo	2,996.17	2,180.00	107.10	238.15	34.30	160.13	276.49			964.50	2,031.67	2,996.17
Hatillo	5,174.20	4,550.00	144.20	480.00					1,050.00	1,575.00	2,549.20	5,174.20
Hormigueros43
Humacao	11,398.91	3,487.82		3,275.46	1,000.00	1,334.27	2,301.36			536.50	10,862.41	11,398.91
Isabela	962.50	962.50									962.50	962.50
Jayuya	9,014.10	7,599.50		1,073.50		103.56	237.65	336.33	3,271.65	2,093.36	3,312.76	9,014.10
Juana Díaz	2,343.57	1,286.80		312.70		114.67	629.40			1.40	2,342.17	2,343.57
Juncos	2,959.63	2,430.40	29.23		500.00						2,959.63	2,959.63
Lajas43
Lares42
Las Marías	1,423.46	895.00		287.20			241.26			595.00	828.46	1,423.46
Las Piedras	3,441.50	2,892.57		433.04		7.50	108.39			333.36	3,108.14	3,441.50
Loíza	7,943.53	2,171.37		1,759.03	3,250.88		762.25		30.00	774.88	7,138.65	7,943.53
Luquillo	2,512.13	1,230.00		1,263.17			18.96	91.94		435.00	1,985.19	2,512.13
Manatí	6,060.15	625.00	202.88	2,699.97	1,300.00	303.90	928.40			624.43	5,435.72	6,060.15
Maricao	2,428.00	1,755.00				173.00	500.00	1,728.00	300.00	100.00	300.00	2,428.00
Maunabo	1,225.00	1,045.00			180.00						1,225.00	1,225.00
Moca	2,759.66	2,547.66			200.00		12.00		363.30	1,224.36	1,172.00	2,759.66
Morovis	5,788.06	2,976.50		1,367.22		243.34	1,197.00	667.73	1,562.54	1,603.79	1,954.00	5,788.06
Naguabo	14,346.75	7,724.11	309.76	2,173.86	1,929.69	932.89	1,276.44		2,465.74	2,636.36	9,244.65	14,346.75
Naranjito	451.80	316.80		135.00							451.80	451.80
Orocovis	2,598.33	1,063.00		918.16			617.17	578.00	353.95	664.92	1,001.46	2,598.33
Patillas	2,906.69	1,708.58		89.17	995.81		113.13	500.00	110.58	727.95	1,568.16	2,906.69
Peñuelas	2,567.14	1,992.74		422.95		7.45	144.00				2,567.14	2,567.14
Quebradillas42
Rincón	1,334.48		122.50	1,005.18			206.80			673.53	660.95	1,334.48
Río Grande	1,594.63	350.00		329.70			914.93		200.00	537.26	857.36	1,594.36
Río Piedras	29,495.51	9,030.00	371.07	5,792.00	7,801.81	2,190.00	4,310.63	140.00	2,882.86	5,429.44	21,042.90	29,495.51
Sabana Grande	717.13	200.00		517.13							717.13	717.13
Salinas43
San Germán	2,072.20			1,070.00			1,002.20				2,072.20	2,072.20
San Lorenzo	5,294.81	4,645.00		122.35	100.00	427.46				1,505.00	3,789.81	5,294.81
San Sebastián	5,963.58	4,917.43		926.40			119.75	874.40	590.50	2,327.80	2,170.88	5,963.58
Santa Isabel	7.20						7.20				7.20	7.20
Toa Alta	989.53	175.00		685.55			128.98				989.53	989.53
Toa Baja	1,295.33			255.15			1,040.18				1,295.33	1,295.33
Trujillo Alto
Utuado	12,010.32	10,386.30		906.30	480.00		237.72	1,111.50	2,779.32	4,947.89	3,171.01	12,010.32
Vega Alta	3,114.98	3,055.73		9.25			50.00			859.25	2,255.73	3,114.98
Vega Baja	10,430.88	7,996.00		2,157.55		10.37	266.96			3,021.59	7,409.29	10,430.88
Vieques	5,428.95	1,950.00		1,731.82		382.40	1,364.73		531.96	655.20	4,241.70	5,428.95
Villalba	1,266.35	486.14		697.31			82.90				1,266.35	1,266.35
Yabucoa	3,437.76	2,110.00		242.15		638.34	447.27	2.50	2,110.00	12.36	1,312.90	3,437.76
Yauco	1,843.43			690.44	970.42	24.50	158.07				1,843.43	1,843.43
Total[44]	$283,718.93	$151,318.26	$2,640.42	$60,583.53	$25,651.71	$8,082.03	$34,939.19	$10,840.41	$27,713.90	$63,602.53	$181,640.10	$283,718.93

Exhibit 12 – Sums Assigned by First-Class Municipalities and the Capital Government for Public Health and Welfare

Exhibit No. 12Breakdown of sums assigned by first-class municipalities and the capital government for 1933-1934,for public health and welfare, including per capita distribution
Municipalities	Salaries – Health and Welfare Directors	Salaries – Health and Welfare Physicians	Other Salaries	Services	Health & WelfareDay Wages	Meals for Patients	Surgical Materials	Equipment	Misc.	Medicines for the Poor	Caskets and Burials for the Poor	Assistance for the Poor	Public Health Units	Assistance for Insane and Indigent	Total Assigned for Health and Welfare	Ordinary Fund Revenues	Percent	Rural/Urban Population	Distribution Per Capita
Arecibo	$2,400.00	$7,200.00	$6,060.00	$9,040.00	$4,880.00	$9,000.00	$900.00	$100.00	$4,955.00	$10,000.00	$700.00	$250.00	$2,800.00		$58,285.00	$194,275.91	30.00	56,525	1.03
Caguas	2,400.00	7,800.00	4,906.80	1,446.40	4,391.04	5,138.92	2,185.50	517.00	4,006.37	9,091.95	1,250.00	282.00	1,578.48		44,994.46	121,972.61	36.85	47,728	0.94
Mayagüez	2,400.00	7,200.00	5,820.00	2,721.60		11,500.00		1,000.00	6,100.00	6,000.00	1,400.00	100.00	5,000.00		49,241.00	183,012.44	26.91	59,270	0.85
Ponce	4,200.00	2,640.00	10,380.00	36,720.00	900.00	15,950.00	4,550.00	3,650.00	11,567.00	16,130.78	2,000.00	600.00	1,320.00	1.00	110,608.78	400,088.03	27.65	87,604	1.26
San Juan	4,500.00	40,380.00	51,726.00		19,600.00	36,500.00	6,650.00	11,200.00	22,450.00	25,500.00	1,000.00	1,200.00		4,500.00	225,206.00	661,136.32	34.06	114,715	1.96
Total	$15,900.00	$65,220.00	$78,892.80	$49,928.00	$29,771.04	$78,088.92	$14,285.50	$16,467.00	$49,078.37	$66,722.73	$6,350.00	$2,432.00	$10,698.48	$4,501.00	$488,335.24	$1,560,485.31

Exhibit 12-A – Sums Assigned for the Same Matter by Second- and Third-Class Municipalities

Exhibit No. 12-ABreakdown of sums assigned by second- and third-class municipalities for 1933-1934,for public health and welfare, including per capita distribution
Municipalities	Salaries – Health and Welfare Directors	Salaries – Health and Welfare Physicians	Other Salaries	Services	Health & WelfareDay Wages	Meals for Patients	Surgical Materials	Equipment	Misc.	Medicines for the Poor	Caskets and Burials for the Poor	Assistance for the Poor	Public Health Units	Assistance for Insane and Indigent	Total Assigned for Health and Welfare	Ordinary Fund Revenues	Percent	Rural/Urban Population	Distribution Per Capita
Adjuntas	$2,100.00		$285.00						$165.00	$650.00	$42.64	$30.00	$500.00		$3,772.64	$20,757.09	18.26	18,075	0.21
Aguada	2,100.00		468.00			$410.00				1,000.00	100.00		688.33		4,766.33	15,782.12	30.20	14,670	0.32
Aguadilla	2,058.00	$2,598.00	3,392.10			1,400.00		153.70	157.00	3,000.00	300.00	200.00	1,000.00	$892.00	15,150.80	49,776.41	30.44	28,319	0.53
Aguas Buenas	1,000.00						100.00	25.00	340.00	480.00	40.00	50.00	300.00		2,335.00	9,858.99	23.68	12,885	0.18
Aibonito	2,100.00		480.00			700.00			179.00	900.00	75.00	20.00			4,454.00	16,406.61	27.15	16,361	0.27
Añasco	2,100.00		682.77			600.00	120.00	60.00	298.23	1,200.00	125.00	93.00			5,279.00	23,609.83	22.36	14,276	0.37
Arroyo	2,100.00		1,960.00			1,400.00	100.00	400.00	430.00	1,000.00	90.00	50.00	850.00		8,380.00	23,757.45	35.27	8,199	1.02
Barceloneta	1,600.00		720.00		1,884.00	1,150.00		225.00	1,365.40	1,400.00	300.00	10.00	300.00		8,954.40	24,666.16	36.30	15,751	0.57
Barranquitas	1,200.00		324.00	1.00		240.00	10.00	10.00	75.00	670.00	70.00	10.00		1.00	2,611.00	8,122.65	32.14	14,901	0.18
Bayamón	2,100.00	2,100.00	5,440.00		1,020.00	3,000.00	200.00	525.00	2,575.00	3,000.00	300.00	10.00	1,870.00	100.00	22,240.00	57,778.40	38.49	29,524	0.75
Cabo Rojo	1,500.00	490.83	1,728.00			1,000.00		50.00	375.01	1,445.22	50.00		50.00		6,689.06	26,053.25	25.67	23,792	0.28
Camuy	700.00		292.50	1,400.00		95.00		240.00	128.00	1,470.00	123.00	20.00			4,468.50	14,318.38	31.21	16,149	0.28
Carolina	2,100.00	1,575.00	2,590.00			1,600.00		500.00	530.00	1,954.57	200.00			50.00	11,099.57	30,563.58	36.32	18,751	0.59
Cataño	2,100.00		720.00				300.00			681.93	45.00	10.00	300.00		4,156.93	17,938.40	23.17	8,503	0.49
Cayey	2,400.00		3,360.00			3,000.00	20.00	200.00	725.00	2,000.00	500.00	100.00	1,800.00	500.00	14,605.00	63,582.50	22.97	28,797	0.51
Ceiba	800.00			400.00			100.00		150.00	894.32	125.00				2,469.32	8,908.03	27.72	7,275	0.34
Ciales	2,100.00		840.00		96.00	550.00	100.00	45.00	238.44	850.00	100.00	25.00			4,944.44	20,830.70	23.74	20,492	0.24
Cidra	1,575.00				636.00				90.00	415.00	150.00	60.00			2,926.00	13,336.51	21.94	19,662	0.15
Coamo	2,100.00		1,212.00			1,000.00	150.00	300.00	195.00	1,600.00	125.00	10.00			6,692.00	23,132.70	28.93	18,125	0.37
Comerío	2,100.00		595.00				250.00	25.00	280.00	1,415.00	200.00				4,865.00	14,463.34	33.64	16,715	0.29
Corozal	2,100.00								190.00	1,000.00	20.00				3,310.00	13,028.35	25.41	16,454	0.20
Dorado	1,000.00							30.00	230.00	600.00	125.00	50.00			2,035.00	12,326.65	16.51	7,579	0.27
Fajardo	2,160.00	2,100.00	2,534.00	840.00	1,116.00	2,400.00	325.00	300.00	1,969.00	2,626.61	350.00	200.00		200.00	17,120.61	47,354.29	36.15	16,321	1.05
Guánica	2,400.00	1,200.00	972.00			1,200.00		150.00	125.00	1,800.00	250.00	500.00			8,597.00	36,782.75	23.37	10,238	0.84
Guayama	2,400.00	4,500.00	5,172.00			4,000.00	2,000.00	500.00	675.00	2,500.00	300.00	100.00	1,000.00		23,147.00	85,898.98	26.95	23,624	0.98
Guayanilla	2,100.00		420.00			50.00	25.00	20.00	754.54	1,500.00	60.00	100.00			5,029.54	17,780.74	29.00	13,121	0.38
Guaynabo	1,620.00		480.00	260.00		200.00	50.00	15.00	655.00	900.00	75.00		300.00		4,555.00	13,313.08	34.21	13,502	0.34
Gurabo	1,500.00			300.00	411.00	900.00			30.00	765.87	85.00				3,991.87	15,307.49	26.08	15,095	0.20
Hatillo	2,100.00				458.40	100.00	400.00		15.00	820.00	120.00	100.00			4,113.40	15,064.68	27.30	16,168	0.25
Hormigueros	660.00		1,260.00			720.00	258.00	110.00	482.92	1,067.78	112.50				4,671.20	9,805.13	47.84	4,872	0.96
Humacao	2,400.00	4,200.00	3,640.00			3,600.00	200.00		2,451.30	4,000.00	400.00		1,000.00	200.00	22,091.30	63,000.85	35.07	25,466	0.87
Isabela	1,920.00						560.00		48.00	1,200.00	72.00	158.00			3,958.00	21,834.67	18.13	23,068	0.17
Jayuya	1,575.00		516.00					125.00	75.00	415.94	50.00	15.00			2,771.94	17,167.63	17.14	12,223	0.23
Juana Díaz	2,400.00		2,340.00		909.00	2,737.50	300.00	25.00	125.00	2,500.00	300.00				11,636.50	37,905.82	30.70	19,516	0.96
Juncos	2,100.00	2,100.00	1,380.00		835.00	2,700.00		240.00	25.00	610.00	110.00	100.00		50.00	10,250.00	29,055.69	35.28	17,469	0.59
Lajas	2,100.00		540.00			780.00		115.00	135.00	1,560.00	120.00	40.00			5,390.00	16,800.39	32.08	12,454	0.43
Lares	1,400.00		2,320.00			900.00	10.00	55.00	1,218.00	650.00	200.00	20.00	216.00		6,989.00	29,910.30	23.37	27,351	0.26
Las Marías	50.00		240.00	20.00						195.00	20.00	12.00	480.00		1,017.00	9,787.81	10.39	8,881	0.11
Las Piedras	1,350.00		503.40			670.00			148.00	927.00	150.00				3,748.40	11,371.25	32.96	12,907	0.29
Loíza	1,430.00	2,100.00	1,277.00			850.00	300.00	180.00	620.00	1,000.00	75.00	200.00			8,032.00	27,842.45	28.85	18,762	0.43
Luquillo	400.00			1,220.00		250.00		50.00	50.00	1,000.00					2,970.00	10,856.40	27.36	7,799	0.38
Manatí	2,580.00	2,100.00	1,000.00		72.00	1,800.00	100.00	200.00	2,405.00	3,000.00	200.00	200.00			13,657.00	43,385.00	31.48	24,838	0.55
Maricao	100.00											25.00	500.00		625.00	11,806.85	5.29	6,463	0.10
Maunabo	2,100.00		48.00		408.00	360.00			25.00	600.00	30.00		240.00		3,811.00	8,639.67	44.11	9,084	0.42
Moca	960.00		265.00	106.00		75.00		25.00	98.00	475.00	75.00	16.36	125.00		2,220.36	8,388.84	26.47	17,089	0.13
Morovis	1,050.00		144.00						90.00	796.00	75.00	65.00			2,220.00	11,536.47	19.24	17,332	0.13
Naguabo	2,100.00	700.00	2,640.00	1,050.00	520.00	1,350.00	300.00	80.00	715.00	1,825.00	250.00	200.00	780.00		12,510.00	31,180.46	40.12	18,212	0.69
Naranjito										300.00		10.00			310.00	4,919.55	6.30	11,645	0.03
Orocovis	100.00		180.00				221.60	25.00	300.00	636.00	30.00				1,492.60	7,801.18	19.13	16,115	0.06
Patillas	1,800.00		828.00			900.00	100.00	25.00	56.00	1,079.32	100.00	20.00	650.00		5,558.32	17,173.13	32.37	14,178	0.39
Peñuelas	2,100.00				139.68	40.00	134.60	50.00	300.00	745.00	100.00	45.00			3,654.28	11,534.35	31.68	13,278	0.28
Quebradillas	900.00					60.00			175.00	500.00	115.00	115.00			1,865.00	9,167.11	20.34	10,190	0.18
Rincón					268.44				28.00	345.00	100.00	91.09			832.53	4,801.04	17.34	8,178	0.10
Río Grande	2,100.00		780.00			100.00			763.50	1,890.00	140.86	60.00			5,834.36	19,838.06	29.41	14,085	0.41
Río Piedras	2,601.00	9,421.40	6,946.64	1,000.00	3,785.00	4,520.00	500.00	2,490.00	2,286.00	5,500.00	200.00	115.00	5,600.00	150.00	45,115.04	115,751.92	38.98	40,853	1.10
Sabana Grande	2,100.00		360.00			50.00		50.00	296.00	629.86	100.00	50.00			3,635.86	13,405.14	27.12	11,881	0.31
Salinas	2,400.00		5,914.00			3,500.00	150.00	1,350.00	1,225.00	4,000.00	250.00	800.00	3,500.00		23,089.00	56,761.98	40.68	15,446	1.49
San Germán	2,100.00	2,100.00	900.00		100.00	3,000.00		45.00	115.00	2,000.00	200.00	40.00	2,000.00		12,600.00	41,454.64	30.39	23,768	0.63
San Lorenzo	2,100.00		920.00			600.00	400.00		260.00	600.00	100.00	200.00	300.00		5,480.00	17,800.71	30.79	23,479	0.23
San Sebastián	1,986.86		720.00		510.00	650.00			304.00	800.00	200.00	20.00			5,190.86	22,515.97	23.05	25,691	0.20
Santa Isabel	2,100.00		3,090.00		300.00	950.00	300.00	390.00	930.00	3,403.11	300.00	25.00	3,000.00		14,788.11	36,256.65	40.79	8,886	1.66
Toa Alta	2,100.00			180.00		50.00	75.00	25.00	145.00	600.00	60.00	15.00			3,250.00	9,939.28	32.70	11,696	0.28
Toa Baja	1,500.00	2,880.00	480.00			100.00	10.00	25.00	330.28	950.00	100.00	100.00	500.00		6,975.28	19,918.31	35.02	9,865	0.71
Trujillo Alto	2,100.00				60.00		200.00	50.00	45.00	456.00	60.00	300.00		100.00	3,371.00	9,070.56	37.16	9,676	0.35
Utuado	1,600.00		1,332.00			1,350.00	25.00	225.00	640.00	1,300.00	250.00	150.00	660.00		7,532.00	37,796.34	20.47	37,434	0.20
Vega Alta	2,100.00		900.00	225.00		120.00			348.00	400.00	117.00				4,210.00	13,383.39	31.46	12,333	0.34
Vega Baja	2,100.00	2,100.00	1,980.00		576.00	800.00			390.00	951.40	300.00	20.00	750.00		9,967.40	30,792.45	32.37	20,406	0.49
Vieques	2,700.00		1,860.00	200.00		1,800.00	1,000.00	200.00	370.18	600.00	150.00	25.00			8,905.18	24,174.45	36.84	10,582	0.84
Villalba	210.00		332.00						250.00	1,000.00	75.00	75.00			1,942.00	7,017.15	27.68	11,847	0.16
Yabucoa	2,100.00	2,100.00	2,480.00		450.00	2,800.00	600.00	210.00	851.00	3,000.00	350.00	110.00	600.00		15,651.00	38,866.95	40.27	21,914	0.71
Yauco	2,100.00	2,100.00	2,916.00			1,400.00	50.00		420.00	1,375.00	300.00		1,980.00		12,641.00	29,989.61	42.15[45]	27,787	0.46
Totals	$120,985.86	$46,465.23	$85,699.41	$7,202.00	$14,554.52	$64,577.50	$10,044.20	$10,138.70	$32,478.80	$93,420.93	$10,383.00	$5,185.45	$31,839.33	$2,243.00	$535,217.93	$1,740,905.71

---

Endnotes

[1] Editor’s Note: The original text reads “N.R.A.” We presume the authors are referring to the National Industrial Recovery Act or N.I.R.A.

[2] Editor’s Note: The categories listed by the authors are as follows: 1. Public Debt, 2. Mortgages, 3. Investment Loans, 4. Farm Loan Institutions, 5. Agricultural Reorganization, 6. Industrial Development, 7. Duty-Free Zones or Free Ports, 8. Organization Plan for Municipal Public Welfare, and 9. Public Works. However, the naming of these categories does not always correspond to the sections that ended up comprising the published document. Additionally, the document does not always follow the order indicated in these categories and some categories are missing. To facilitate reading, we modified the names that appear under these categories and their sequence. We also added those categories that are missing. We kept the letter sequence from the original document where category “I” was skipped.

[3] Editor’s Note: The original text refers to “las letras” or sections, however, all along the text authors refer to these sections as “chapters”. Since this is the only instance that the authors refer to them as such, to facilitate reading, and to be consistent, we have used “chapters.”

[4] Translator’s Note: 1 cuerda = 0.971 acres.

[5] Editor’s Note: Authors refer to clauses 10, 11, and 12 above, and in the first clause the numbering is omitted, whereas in the following clauses it is included. We have added this clause number.

[6] Editor’s Note: Authors use the acronym AAA below. To facilitate reading, we added the acronym.

[7] Editor’s Note: In the original text, authors started an enumeration using a but do not add additional letters. To facilitate reading we have eliminated the letter and merged the text in a single paragraph.

[8] Editor’s Note: The original text does not include a section labeled I, hence it is skipped.

[9] Editor’s Note: In the original text, these are mentioned as separate paragraphs. To facilitate reading, we used bullets.

[10] Editor’s Note: The original text omits letter L, corresponding to this section, and the main sections that follow. For consistency, we have added the corresponding letter to sections that were missing it.

[11] Editor’s Note: This section is labeled incorrectly as section “L,” when it really refers to section “I,” as labeled below.

[12] Editor’s Note: In the original text there are entries that include an asterisk, but their meaning is not stated. If we analyze the data in the table, we can infer that items marked with an asterisk are existing facilities within the municipality that have received an allocated amount (they have half of the amount allocated to non-existent facilities).

[13] Editor’s Note: If we analyze the table, we can infer that the authors assigned construction costs of $6,000 for a hospital, $8,000 for a town hall, $10,000 for a marketplace, and $3,000 for a slaughterhouse. If there was an existing facility and funds were assigned (entries with an asterisk), calculations are half the amount (3,000; 4,000; 5,000; and 1,500, respectively). The Aguas Buenas row is the only one that has a calculation error: 6,000 for a new hospital + 4,000 for the existing town hall + 10,000 for a new marketplace + 1,500 for the existing slaughterhouse = $21,500. The original text records 17,500. This also affects the grand total in the table.

[14] Editor’s Note: In the original text, $821,500. See note 13.

[15] Editor’s Note: The original text indicates the table appears “on the next page.” We have modified this to adjust the text to reflect the current edition.

[16] Editor’s Note: The original text refers to “the following table,” but the value refers to the total in the end of this section. We adjusted the original text to facilitate reading.

[17] Editor’s Note: The original text says “próximamente,” meaning “next” in Spanish, but we suspect it is an errata. It should read “aproximadamente,” meaning “about”.

[18] Included at the end of this report.

[19] San Juan, 360 beds; Ponce, 150 beds; Arecibo, 100 beds; Mayagüez, 76 beds; Caguas, 50 beds. Total, 736 beds.

[20] New York has one bed per 643 inhabitants.

[21] Editor’s Note: The amount mentioned here and in all calculations is incorrect and overestimated by $25,000 since 575,000 + 175,000 = 750,000, not the amount used to perform calculations, 775,000.

[22] Editor’s Note: The municipality of Culebra is not included in the document.

[23] Editor’s Note: The total reported does not match the total amount included in the table which should be $116,951.77, a difference of 630.01. It is possible that this amount corresponds to the municipality of Culebra, which does not appear in the list.

[24] Editor’s Note: There are several minor discrepancies in the values included in this column, the biggest corresponding to Naguabo. The original text indicated 15.46.

[25] Editor’s Note: The municipality of Culebra is not included in the document.

[26] Editor’s Note: The percentage published is 44.33. The correct percentage is shown on the table.

[27] Editor’s Note: The municipality of Culebra is not included in the document.

[28] Editor’s Note: The percentage published is 29.70. The correct percentage is shown on the table.

[29] Editor’s Note: The correct amount should be 32,102.30.

[30] Editor’s Note: Published totals in columns “Health” and “Total Revenues…” are inconsistent with the real column totals, which should be, respectively, $209,020.19 and $1,748,908.71.

[31] Editor’s Note: The municipality of Cabo Rojo is not included in the document.

[32] Editor’s Note: In the original text, the municipalities of Cidra and Corozal were out of order. To facilitate reading, we have reorganized the table in alphabetical order.

[33] Editor’s Note: This amount should be 32,138.

[34] Editor’s Note: The text does not indicate what this annotation means.

[35] Rates per 100,000 male population.

[36] Rates per 100,000 female population.

[37] Of this amount, half is paid by the Insular Government and the other half by the Government of the Capital City.

[38] Editor’s Note: The total corresponding to this column is incorrect. It should be $24,799,269.35.

[39] Editor’s note: The original text states 29,630.00, but the correct amount is the one stated above.

[40] Increase in tax rate. (Editor’s note: This applies to all amounts in parenthesis.)

[41] Editor’s Note: The original text states 0.30 when the correct amount is the one included above.

[42] No data available.

[43] Did not have outstanding debt.

[44] Editor’s Note: There are inconsistencies in four of the total columns. The first column should total $283,818.93, the tenth total column $63,603.51, the second to last $181,660.10, and the last $283,818.66.

[45] Editor’s Note: The percentage in the original text, 31.61, is incorrect.